Risk factors for dry eye Original paper
In this meta-analysis of 71 observational studies, risk factors for dry eye included allergic conjunctivitis, oral contraceptive use, thyroid disease, depression, and anxiety.
This Study Summary was published on April 17, 2025.
The study
The following 16 risk factors for dry eye were identified:
- Allergic conjunctivitis (eye inflammation due to allergies) — 359% higher odds (3 studies)
- Oral contraceptive use — 179% higher odds (4 studies)
- Anxiety — 139% higher odds (4 studies)
- Rosacea/acne — 96% higher odds (7 studies)
- Refractive surgery — 90% higher odds (4 studies)
- Pterygium — 78% higher odds (4 studies)
- Depression — 59% higher odds (19 studies)
- High stress — 59% higher odds (6 studies)
- Thyroid disease — 57% higher odds (21 studies)
- Viral infection — 54% higher odds (5 studies)
- PTSD — 43% higher odds (4 studies)
- Beta-blockers — 38% higher odds (5 studies)
- Diuretics — 33% higher odds (9 studies)
- Alcohol intake — 18% higher odds (17 studies)
- Smoking — 18% higher odds (20 studies)
- Diabetes — 14% higher odds (24 studies)
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The results
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This Study Summary was published on April 17, 2025.