Associations between diet and hepatocellular carcinoma risk Original paper

Higher intakes of the following were associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma:

• Ginseng (−54%; 4 studies)
• Coffee (−50%; 10 studies)
• Selenium (−48%; 4 studies)
• Vegetables (−34%; 9 studies)
• Fiber (−29%; 5 studies)
• Cruciferous vegetables (−24%; 3 studies)
• Whole grains (−21%; 4 studies)
• Fish (−19%; 5 studies)

In dose-response analyses, each 2-cup increase in daily coffee intake (−29%; 9 studies) and 10-gram increase in daily fiber intake (−17%; 5 studies) was associated with a reduced hepatocellular carcinoma risk.

Higher intakes of alcohol (+277%; 2 studies; only in the participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) and saturated fat (+33%; 5 studies) were associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Each 1% increase in daily saturated fat intake (+33%; 5 studies) and 100-milligram increase in daily cholesterol intake (+16%; 2 studies) was associated with an increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk.