Can phytochemicals help reduce cancer risk? Original paper

In this meta-analysis of 9 case-control studies in adults from Iran and Turkey, higher intakes of phytochemical-rich foods were associated with a 60% lower odds of cancer, compared to lower intakes.

This Study Summary was published on June 3, 2025.

The study

Overall, a higher content of phytochemical-rich foods (defined as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, soy, and olive oil) was associated with a 60% lower odds of cancer (any type of cancer), including a 60% lower odds breast cancer and a 57% lower odds of other cancers (including prostate and colorectal cancer).

The results showed no heterogeneity (i.e., the included studies were similar in design and outcomes).

The quality of the evidence was rated as high, but all studies had a moderate risk of bias because of residual confounding.

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The results

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This Study Summary was published on June 3, 2025.