The study

Some of the 1,685 participants had a health condition (e.g., type 2 diabetes). The supplement dosages were 25 to 1,322 milligrams daily, and study durations ranged from 2 to 24 weeks. The forms of pine bark extract included Pinus massoniana bark extract, Enzogenol, Flavangenol, Oligopin, and Pyncogenol (the most commonly studied formulation).

Pine bark extract reduced the following:

  • Blood pressure: diastolic (−2.62 mmHg) and systolic (−2.26 mmHg)
  • Body weight (−1.37 kg/−3 lbs)
  • Fasting blood glucose (−6.25 mg/dL)
  • HbA1c (−0.32%)
  • LDL cholesterol (−5.07 mg/dL)

Pine bark extract had no effect on BMI, HDL cholesterol, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, waist-hip ratio, or waist circumference.

The certainty of evidence was high for body weight; moderate for BMI, HbA1c, insulin, and waist circumference; and low for the remainder of the outcomes.

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The results

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This Study Summary was published on April 4, 2025.