Vision relies on the eyes' ability to focus light, which is converted into electrical signals that travel to the brain for image processing. Key components involved in this process include the cornea, pupil, iris, lens, and retina; common eye conditions that affect vision are age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and dry eye.

A diet that is rich in vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids — particularly vitamin A, C, E, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids — is vital for maintaining eye health and preventing conditions like night blindness. Consuming fruits, vegetables, fatty fish, nuts, and legumes can lower the risk of eye diseases.

Supplements of interest for eye health include antioxidants like lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids because they may help reduce oxidative stress and improve eye conditions. These nutrients are found in high concentrations in eye tissue and are believed to play a protective role against oxidative damage.