Immunity & Infectious Disease

Last Updated: August 16, 2022

Infectious diseases are caused by microbes, which broadly fall into four categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Microbes are present in the environment, as well as in and on the human body. The immune system is our body’s defense system against microbes. It differentiates “self” from “nonself” and mounts a response to anything that is foreign to the body.

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What are infectious diseases?

Infectious diseases are illnesses in humans that are caused by microbial agents that can be transmitted between individuals or through the environment. These diseases can vary in severity and range from mild conditions to chronic (long-term) infections and potentially fatal illnesses.

How could diet affect the immune system and susceptibility to infectious disease?

Malnutrition, which is characterized by inadequate calorie and protein intake, is a primary cause of immunodeficiency and heightens the risk of infectious diseases. Additionally, deficiencies in specific micronutrients such as vitamins A, E, and D, folate, and zinc can further increase susceptibility to infections.

Which supplements are of most interest in immunity and infectious disease?

Supplementation with micronutrients — particularly vitamins A, E, and D, folate, and zinc — can enhance immune function and reduce infection susceptibility, especially in cases of deficiency. Additionally, certain herbs like garlic, ginger, and turmeric have demonstrated antiviral and antimicrobial properties, although few have been extensively studied in humans.

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References
  1. ^Katona P, Katona-Apte JThe interaction between nutrition and infection.Clin Infect Dis.(2008-May-15)
  2. ^Perera WPRT, Liyanage JA, Dissanayake KGC, Gunathilaka H, Weerakoon WMTDN, Wanigasekara DN, Fernando WSK, Rajapaksha RMH, Liyanage RP, Perera BTAntiviral Potential of Selected Medicinal Herbs and Their Isolated Natural Products.Biomed Res Int.(2021)