Acute gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the digestive tract lining, which leads to symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms can persist for up to 14 days.

The main signs and symptoms of acute gastroenteritis include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and sometimes fever. Severe disease indicators, particularly in high-risk populations, include frequent loose stools, prolonged vomiting, severe abdominal pain, bloody stools, changes in mental state, and signs of dehydration.

Acute gastroenteritis is typically diagnosed through clinical evaluation of symptoms and a physical examination. Additionally, a stool sample may be analyzed to detect infection or blood.

Acute gastroenteritis often resolves without medical treatment and requires only rest and hydration, though over-the-counter medications can alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous fluids and medications, and antibiotics may be prescribed based on specific circumstances, whereas a rotavirus vaccine can help prevent severe symptoms in vaccinated individuals.

Zinc is recommended to reduce the duration of diarrhea in acute gastroenteritis, particularly in children and in lower-income areas, and is most effective when used with smectite. Probiotics, especially Saccharomyces boulardii, may also help shorten diarrhea duration, particularly when combined with zinc.

Diet is crucial for recovery from acute gastroenteritis, and the current recommendations suggest a return to a regular diet rather than the outdated BRAT diet. It is important to resume a high nutrient intake quickly, especially for infants and young children, to support their growth and development.

Ginger is effective for reducing nausea and vomiting episodes in acute gastroenteritis and is safe for children. Other alternative treatments (like apple cider vinegar, curcumin, and cinnamon) have been suggested, but they lack sufficient evidence for effectiveness.

Acute gastroenteritis is primarily caused by viral infections, especially norovirus and rotavirus, but it can also result from bacterial or parasitic infections, chemical ingestion, and drug-induced effects. It spreads through person-to-person contact or contaminated food and water.