2023-01-15 00:30:03
Hormone replacement FAQs modified
minor
We added a more nuanced take on the role of hormone replacement therapy in menopause.
Menopause
•Last Updated: January 15, 2023
Menopause is the stage of life when menses permanently cease, and the reproductive system no longer performs functions related to fertility. A woman is considered to have entered menopause after menses have stopped for 12 months.
Menopause falls under theWomen’s Healthcategory.
Last Updated:January 15, 2023
Menopause is the natural cessation of menstruation as the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone and typically occurs after age 45. The transitional phase leading to menopause, known as perimenopause, can last 4 to 8 years and may be affected by factors such as surgery or chemotherapy.
The main signs and symptoms of menopause include hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, insomnia, trouble focusing, mood swings, and changes in body composition, and the primary sign is a lack of menstruation.
Menopause is diagnosed clinically after 12 months of amenorrhea (lack of menstruation) without other causes, typically occurs after age 45, and is considered abnormal if it happens before age 40. Blood and urine tests may be used to detect hormonal changes.
The main medical treatments for menopause symptoms include both hormonal options like hormone therapy (HT) and nonhormonal alternatives that are tailored to individual symptoms and medical history. Nonhormonal treatments can help with vaginal symptoms, whereas systemic HT is effective for more severe symptoms like hot flashes, though it carries risks and may not be suitable for everyone.
Several botanical and nutritional supplements have been studied for alleviating menopausal symptoms, including black cohosh, red clover, omega-3 fatty acids, DHEA, evening primrose oil, Vitex agnus-castus, soy isoflavones, and St. John's wort. These supplements are believed to help reduce the symptoms associated with menopause.
Diet can influence menopause by addressing the negative effects of hormone changes on lipid and glucose metabolism. The American Heart Association advises a diet that features high intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and oily fish; limited intakes of saturated fat, cholesterol, alcohol, sodium, and sugar; and no intake of trans-fatty acids.
Exercise, including yoga and resistance training, can be beneficial for managing vasomotor and psychological symptoms of menopause while also helping to maintain muscle mass and bone mineral density when it is combined with high-impact activities like jumping and jogging.
Menopause is a natural process that occurs as women age; it is characterized by the decline of ovarian follicles and granulosa cells, which lead to decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone. This hormonal shift results in irregular menstrual cycles that eventually cease.
Research FeedRead all studies
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