Metabolic Health
•Last Updated: August 16, 2022
Metabolic health is defined as having ideal levels of blood glucose (blood sugar), triglycerides, cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference without the use of medications. Metabolic health can also include the ability to regulate inflammation in the body.
Metabolic Health falls under theOthercategory.
Last Updated:August 16, 2022
Looking for a Supplement guide?
Our Supplement Guides give you unbiased research-based recommendations that you can immediately apply to improve your health. Metabolic Health is related to the following Supplement Guide:Research FeedRead all studies
Marasmus is a disease of caloric restriction, but you most likely don't have it. Your metabolic rate can definitely slow down during weight loss, but it will never slow to the point where it causes you to gain weight; in this sense, "starvation mode" is a myth.
For the purpose of this article, 'Starvation Mode' is defined as a concept where your metabolic rate declines during the process of caloric restriction or weight loss to such a degree that further weight loss becomes impossible or weight gain occurs.
Starvation mode, according to the above definition, is for all practical intents and purposes a myth. It seems to have originated from the Minnesota Starvation Experiment[1], where participants were given 50% of their maintenance calories for months. They lost weight until their body simply had no source for ample calories (fat storage or food intake).
The notion that weight loss can be outright halted secondary to caloric restriction is currently unsupported, although a reduction of metabolic rate may occur. The process of losing weight itself can reduce caloric expenditure as all tissue requires some energy to exist, and most of the reduction in energy expenditure from weight loss can be accounted for from this.[2]
In regards to case studies, there is one recorded report of an obese man fasting for 382 days (medically supervised) which was associated with a lowered metabolic rate but not a cessation of weight loss due to it.[3]
The number of calories you burn is based on your resting metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food, and physical activity.
The words “slow metabolism” are incredibly overused. As in “I just can’t lose weight anymore; my metabolism has really slowed down.” Or “I’m not like you, I can’t just eat everything I want. Your metabolism’s faster than mine.”
Before blaming weight-loss failures on metabolic rates, let’s take a comprehensive look at how metabolic rates differ between people, what makes up your metabolic rate, and how all that changes when dieting or exercising.
What exactly goes into metabolism?
To understand metabolism, you have to understand just a few basic terms. The energy your body burns in a day is called your total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), which has three components: resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and activity energy expenditure.
1. Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Technically, “metabolism” is the sum of all the chemical processes that keep your body alive. Colloquially, most people think of “metabolism” as the energy burn from the resting metabolic rate (RMR), which is the energy your body uses to stay alive, accounting for about about 70% of the TDEE of sedentary people.[4][5] And yes, there do exist people with a “fast metabolism” — a.k.a. high RMR — but their metabolic advantage isn’t as overwhelming as you’d think.
Most people (68%) stay within just 8% of the average RMR, and the vast majority (96%) within 16%. In other words, 96% of people stay within 200–300 kcal of the average RMR.[6]
Your RMR is mostly determined by your fat-free mass (FFM), even though most of it is water and thus not metabolically active. Your brain and visceral organs add up to only 12% of the active components of your FFM (even less if you’re muscular), yet they use a lot of energy: 200–440 kcal/kg/day (91–200 kcal/lb/day). By comparison, your skeletal muscle at rest requires only 13 kcal/kg/day (6 kcal/lb/day), which is still a lot more than the 4.5 kcal/kg/day (2 kcal/lb/day) you need to maintain your fat stores.[5]
It turns out that your natural RMR is a poor predictor of future weight gain,[7][8] which suggests that people with a high RMR compensate for burning more by eating more. Conversely, people with a low RMR may compensate for burning less by eating less — with one notable exception. One meta-analysis of 12 studies showed that high rates of weight regain were associated with a 3–5% lower RMR in formerly obese compared with control individuals.[9] But was the RMR of these formerly obese people their “natural” RMR? Probably not.…
Contrary to popular belief, obesity is associated with a high metabolic rate[10], as a heavier body needs more energy to do just about everything, from running down to breathing. However, people who slash down calories to lose a lot of weight very fast risk slowing their metabolism to below its “natural” level — maybe permanently. They feel hungry all the time, as their body fights to recover the energy stores (mostly, the fat) it lost too fast.
RMR can also slow as you age, since the older you get, the less FFM you have and the fewer energy-generating mitochondria dwell in your cells. It can also differ according to sex (not only do men normally have a higher FFM:BF ratio, but their organs consume more calories)[11], genetics, and possibly gut bacteria. However, aside from your FFM, the factor that has the greatest impact on your RMR is temperature — both internal and external.
Even when both you and the weather are fine, you spend some ⅔ of your RMR to maintain a constant body temperature. To increase your core temperature by one degree celsius can require your RMR to go up by 10–13%.[12][13] That’s why cold exposure (through ice baths and other methods) has been promoted for weight loss.
Although people can have a fast or slow metabolism, extremes are pretty rare, often resulting from disease or prior obesity. Around 96% of people stay within 200–300 kcal of the average metabolism. Moreover, resting metabolic rates (RMRs) are not well correlated with weight gain.
2. Thermic effect of food (TEF)
Some of the calories in the food you ingest will be used to digest, absorb, and metabolize the rest of the food, and some will end burned off as heat. The overall process is known indifferently as thermic effect of food (TEF), dietary induced thermogenesis (DIT), or specific dynamic action (SDA).
TEF represents about 10% of the caloric intake of healthy adults eating a standard mixed diet,[14] but your actual number will depend on various factors, such as your lean body mass and the size and composition of your meal. The energy required to digest each macronutrient (its TEF) can be expressed as a percentage of the energy provided by this macronutrient:[15]
- Fat provides 9 Calories per gram, and its TEF is 0–3%.
- Carbohydrate provides 4 Calories per gram, and its TEF is 5–10%.
- Protein provides 4 Calories per gram, and its TEF is 20–30%.
This is one of the reasons why increasing your protein intake can help you lose fat, in addition to preserving your muscle mass when you eat below maintenance.
Protein burns, by far, the most energy of any of the three macronutrients. For that reason, and because of its protective effect on muscle mass, protein plays a central role in many diet templates.
3. Activity energy expenditure (AEE)
Activity energy expenditure (AEE) is the most variable aspect of the TDEE, ranging from 15% in very sedentary individuals to 50% in highly active individuals.[16] It comprises both physical activity (PA) and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), also known as non-exercise activity thermogenesis.
PA covers significant physical effort, such as lifting weights, running, or riding a bike, whereas SPA covers minor, often subconscious acts of daily life,[17] such as fidgeting,[18] chewing, walking short distances, or maintaining one’s posture. Studies in respiratory chambers[19][20] and in free-living environments suggest that SPA accounts for 4–17% of the TDEE, or about 100–700 kcal/day.
Outside your resting metabolic rate and the energy that’s burned by eating food, somewhere between 15 and 50% of your energy burn comes from activity. This activity can be exercise or any of the dozens of activities/movements associated with living.
So what can change someone’s metabolic rate?
1. What can increase your RMR
Exercise! Yes, your resting metabolic rate can increase. The increase in metabolic activity from exercise can outlast your workout. In fact, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) can last for more than a day after you stop exercising, depending on the duration and intensity of your physical activity.
Aerobic activities and anaerobic activities affect your RMR differently. Aerobic activities tend to burn more calories during exercise, but not a lot afterward (low EPOC). Anaerobic activities, on the other hand, can stoke your furnace for hours after you stopped exercising (high EPOC).[21] In addition, anaerobic activities are better for building muscle, which requires additional energy.[22]
But what happens after you’ve reached a plateau and your muscle mass stops increasing? Do your muscles now require only maintenance levels of energy (13 kcal/kg/day, as we’ve seen), even if you exercise daily? No, they need more, because each time you exercise you damage them and must expend energy to repair them. This still counts as “muscle maintenance” (muscles get constantly destroyed and rebuilt even in sedentary people), but the caloric cost is much higher.
What other methods are there to increase your RMR? As we’ve seen, it’s been estimated that for every degree celsius increase in core temperature, your RMR rises by 10–13%. Therefore, some people wrap themselves in cold packs, turn down the heat in their houses, wear less clothing outside, or even bathe in ice. That would certainly increase their RMR, but these methods can be unsafe if improperly used or if you have certain medical conditions.
We probably need to mention meal frequency, but only to note that there’s no evidence to support the idea that eating more often will increase your RMR.[23][24][25][26] Rather, it’s the total number of calories that determines changes in body weight.
Of course, many are the supplements touted to boost your metabolic rate, but very few actually have evidence in even limited populations. We cover these in greater depth in our Fat Loss Supplement Guide.
One of the most useful fat loss hacks doesn’t address RMR, but rather spontaneous physical activity (SPA). Standing for around half of your work day can burn almost 200 extra kilocalories, compared to sitting.[27] That’s a simple, reliable, sweat-free way to burn calories.
Regular exercise can increase your resting metabolic rate, as can other methods, such as cold exposure (with an eye to safety). Moreover, although taking the stairs rather than the elevator or standing while working won’t noticeably boost your RMR, this kind of small effort can be an easy way to burn more calories each day.
2. What can decrease your RMR
Unfortunately, losing weight translates into a decrease in RMR.[28] The very process of eating below maintenance will reduce your RMR by 5–15%, as your body becomes more sensitive to various hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate how energy is used and expended.[29]
This reaction is known as adaptive thermogenesis.[30] During a hypocaloric diet, not only will your body clamor for more calories (you’ll be hungry), but it will also prevent your cells from spending as much energy (if you play sports, your performance will likely decline).
If you’ve dieted sensibly, your RMR should return to normal when you resume eating enough calories to equal your TDEE. You may also maintain your RMR through periodic “refeeding” days, when you refill your liver glycogen stores and try to convince your body that you’re not really dieting so hard.
Your RMR will decrease as you lose weight, since weighing less means having less body tissue to support (among other factors). Unless you diet too hard for too long, your RMR should normalize after the dieting period is over.
In popular lore, someone with “a fast metabolism” is someone whose high resting metabolic rate (RMR) allows him or her to eat a seemingly infinite amount of food without any fat gain. Past their growing years, such people don’t exist. While some adults do have a higher natural RMR than their peers, interindividual variations tend to stay within a range of 200–300 kcal/day. Moreover, people with higher caloric requirements tend to compensate by eating more, so that one’s natural RMR is a poor predictor of weight gain.
The good news is that if you want to rev up your metabolism, you can. Anaerobic activities can increase your RMR for more than a day; they can also increase your muscle mass, thus further heightening your caloric requirements. They’re a safer way to lose fat than cutting your caloric intake drastically, which can result in your body fighting back, your RMR taking a lasting hit, and endless yo-yo dieting. Yes, to shed fat, you do need to spend more energy than you ingest; but the more severe the deficit, the easier it’ll be to regain whatever fat you lost.
There are many ways to calculate your resting metabolic rate. The Mifflin-St. Jeor equation appears to most accurate.
- ^Minnesota Starvation Experiment
- ^Schwartz A, Doucet ERelative changes in resting energy expenditure during weight loss: a systematic reviewObes Rev.(2010 Jul)
- ^Features of a successful therapeutic fast of 382 days' duration
- ^Lam YY, Ravussin EAnalysis of energy metabolism in humans: A review of methodologiesMol Metab.(2016 Sep 20)
- ^Müller MJ, Wang Z, Heymsfield SB, Schautz B, Bosy-Westphal AAdvances in the understanding of specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues in humansCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.(2013 Sep)
- ^Donahoo WT, Levine JA, Melanson ELVariability in energy expenditure and its componentsCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.(2004 Nov)
- ^Amatruda JM, Statt MC, Welle SLTotal and resting energy expenditure in obese women reduced to ideal body weightJ Clin Invest.(1993 Sep)
- ^Weinsier RL, Nelson KM, Hensrud DD, Darnell BE, Hunter GR, Schutz YMetabolic predictors of obesity. Contribution of resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and fuel utilization to four-year weight gain of post-obese and never-obese womenJ Clin Invest.(1995 Mar)
- ^Astrup A, Gøtzsche PC, van de Werken K, Ranneries C, Toubro S, Raben A, Buemann BMeta-analysis of resting metabolic rate in formerly obese subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(1999 Jun)
- ^Bosy-Westphal A, Braun W, Schautz B, Müller MJIssues in characterizing resting energy expenditure in obesity and after weight lossFront Physiol.(2013 Mar 25)
- ^Wang Z, Ying Z, Bosy-Westphal A, Zhang J, Heller M, Later W, Heymsfield SB, Müller MJEvaluation of specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues: comparison between men and womenAm J Hum Biol.(2011 May-Jun)
- ^Landsberg LCore temperature: a forgotten variable in energy expenditure and obesity?Obes Rev.(2012 Dec)
- ^Rising R, Fontvieille AM, Larson DE, Spraul M, Bogardus C, Ravussin ERacial difference in body core temperature between Pima Indian and Caucasian menInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(1995 Jan)
- ^de Jonge L, Bray GAThe thermic effect of food and obesity: a critical reviewObes Res.(1997 Nov)
- ^Tappy LThermic effect of food and sympathetic nervous system activity in humansReprod Nutr Dev.(1996)
- ^Levine JANon-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2002 Dec)
- ^Garland T Jr, Schutz H, Chappell MA, Keeney BK, Meek TH, Copes LE, Acosta W, Drenowatz C, Maciel RC, van Dijk G, Kotz CM, Eisenmann JCThe biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectivesJ Exp Biol.(2011 Jan 15)
- ^Johannsen DL, Ravussin ESpontaneous physical activity: relationship between fidgeting and body weight controlCurr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes.(2008 Oct)
- ^Ravussin E, Lillioja S, Anderson TE, Christin L, Bogardus CDeterminants of 24-hour energy expenditure in man. Methods and results using a respiratory chamberJ Clin Invest.(1986 Dec)
- ^Snitker S, Tataranni PA, Ravussin ESpontaneous physical activity in a respiratory chamber is correlated to habitual physical activityInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2001 Oct)
- ^Astrup A, Thorbek G, Lind J, Isaksson BPrediction of 24-h energy expenditure and its components from physical characteristics and body composition in normal-weight humansAm J Clin Nutr.(1990 Nov)
- ^Phillips SMThe science of muscle hypertrophy: making dietary protein countProc Nutr Soc.(2011 Feb)
- ^Leidy HJ, Campbell WWThe effect of eating frequency on appetite control and food intake: brief synopsis of controlled feeding studiesJ Nutr.(2011 Jan)
- ^Palmer MA, Capra S, Baines SKAssociation between eating frequency, weight, and healthNutr Rev.(2009 Jul)
- ^Taylor MA, Garrow JSCompared with nibbling, neither gorging nor a morning fast affect short-term energy balance in obese patients in a chamber calorimeterInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2001 Apr)
- ^Bellisle F, McDevitt R, Prentice AMMeal frequency and energy balanceBr J Nutr.(1997 Apr)
- ^Buckley JP, Mellor DD, Morris M, Joseph FStanding-based office work shows encouraging signs of attenuating post-prandial glycaemic excursionOccup Environ Med.(2014 Feb)
- ^Schwartz A, Doucet ERelative changes in resting energy expenditure during weight loss: a systematic reviewObes Rev.(2010 Jul)
- ^Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Norton LEMetabolic adaptation to weight loss: implications for the athleteJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2014 Feb 27)
- ^Rosenbaum M, Leibel RLAdaptive thermogenesis in humansInt J Obes (Lond).(2010 Oct)
- ^Skouroliakou M, Giannopoulou I, Kostara C, Vasilopoulou MComparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in obese psychiatric patients taking olanzapineNutrition.(2009 Feb)
- ^Dobratz JR, Sibley SD, Beckman TR, Valentine BJ, Kellogg TA, Ikramuddin S, Earthman CPPredicting energy expenditure in extremely obese womenJPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr.(2007 May-Jun)
- ^Frankenfield DC, Rowe WA, Smith JS, Cooney RNValidation of several established equations for resting metabolic rate in obese and nonobese peopleJ Am Diet Assoc.(2003 Sep)
- Blood Flow - Tiano L, Belardinelli R, Carnevali P, Principi F, Seddaiu G, Littarru GPEffect of coenzyme Q10 administration on endothelial function and extracellular superoxide dismutase in patients with ischaemic heart disease: a double-blind, randomized controlled studyEur Heart J.(2007 Sep)
- Blood Flow - Watts GF, Playford DA, Croft KD, Ward NC, Mori TA, Burke VCoenzyme Q(10) improves endothelial dysfunction of the brachial artery in Type II diabetes mellitusDiabetologia.(2002 Mar)
- Blood Flow - Lee YJ, Cho WJ, Kim JK, Lee DCEffects of coenzyme Q10 on arterial stiffness, metabolic parameters, and fatigue in obese subjects: a double-blind randomized controlled studyJ Med Food.(2011 Apr)
- Oxygen Uptake - Ostman B, Sjödin A, Michaëlsson K, Byberg LCoenzyme Q10 supplementation and exercise-induced oxidative stress in humansNutrition.(2011 Nov 11)
- Blood glucose - Gholami M, Zarei P, Sadeghi Sedeh B, Rafiei F, Khosrowbeygi AEffects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on serum values of adiponectin, leptin, 8-isoprostane and malondialdehyde in women with type 2 diabetesGynecol Endocrinol.(2018 Dec)
- Insulin - Liang Y, Zhao D, Ji Q, Liu M, Dai S, Hou S, Liu Z, Mao Y, Tian Z, Yang YEffects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on glycemic control: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.EClinicalMedicine.(2022-Oct)
- Weight - Saboori S, Rad EY, Mardani M, Khosroshahi MZ, Nouri Y, Falahi EEffect of Q10 supplementation on body weight and body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Diabetes Metab Syndr.(2019)
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - Dai S, Tian Z, Zhao D, Liang Y, Liu M, Liu Z, Hou S, Yang YEffects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Adults: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Antioxidants (Basel).(2022-Jul-13)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Mohseni M, Vafa M, Zarrati M, Shidfar F, Hajimiresmail SJ, Rahimi Forushani ABeneficial Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Intereukin-6 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Reduction, Preliminary Results of a Double-blind Trial in Acute Myocardial InfarctionInt J Prev Med.(2015 Aug 7)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Liu Z, Tian Z, Zhao D, Liang Y, Dai S, Liu M, Hou S, Dong X, Zhaxinima , Yang YEffects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2022-Dec-17)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Hou S, Tian Z, Zhao D, Liang Y, Dai S, Ji Q, Fan Z, Liu Z, Liu M, Yang YEfficacy and Optimal Dose of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Inflammation-Related Biomarkers: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Mol Nutr Food Res.(2023-Jul)
- Blood Pressure - Zhao D, Liang Y, Dai S, Hou S, Liu Z, Liu M, Dong X, Zhan Y, Tian Z, Yang YDose-Response Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressure among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Adv Nutr.(2022-Dec-22)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Nadjarzadeh A, Shidfar F, Amirjannati N, Vafa MR, Motevalian SA, Gohari MR, Nazeri Kakhki SA, Akhondi MM, Sadeghi MREffect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress of seminal plasma: a double-blind randomised clinical trialAndrologia.(2014 Mar)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Liao P, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Zheng NJ, Zhang XEffects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on liver mitochondrial function and aerobic capacity in adolescent athletesZhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi.(2007 Nov)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Yubero-Serrano EM, Delgado-Casado N, Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Tasset-Cuevas I, Santos-Gonzalez M, Caballero J, Garcia-Rios A, Marin C, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Fuentes F, Villalba JM, Tunez I, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda JPostprandial antioxidant effect of the Mediterranean diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 in elderly men and womenAge (Dordr).(2011 Dec)
- Adiponectin - Gökbel H, Gergerlioğlu HS, Okudan N, Gül I, Büyükbaş S, Belviranli MEffects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on plasma adiponectin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in menJ Med Food.(2010 Feb)
- Blood Flow - Westphal S, Borucki K, Taneva E, Makarova R, Luley CExtended-release niacin raises adiponectin and leptinAtherosclerosis.(2007 Aug)
- Blood Flow - Kelly JJ, Lawson JA, Campbell LV, Storlien LH, Jenkins AB, Whitworth JA, O'Sullivan AJEffects of nicotinic acid on insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in healthy subjectsJ Hum Hypertens.(2000 Sep)
- Blood glucose - Fraterrigo G, Fabbrini E, Mittendorfer B, O'Rahilly S, Scherer PE, Patterson BW, Klein SRelationship between Changes in Plasma Adiponectin Concentration and Insulin Sensitivity after Niacin TherapyCardiorenal Med.(2012 Aug)
- Blood glucose - Chang AM, Smith MJ, Galecki AT, Bloem CJ, Halter JBImpaired beta-cell function in human aging: response to nicotinic acid-induced insulin resistanceJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2006 Sep)
- Blood glucose - Chen X, Iqbal N, Boden GThe effects of free fatty acids on gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in normal subjectsJ Clin Invest.(1999 Feb)
- Wound Healing - Gebicki J, Sysa-Jedrzejowska A, Adamus J, Woźniacka A, Rybak M, Zielonka J1-Methylnicotinamide: a potent anti-inflammatory agent of vitamin originPol J Pharmacol.(2003 Jan-Feb)
- Blood Flow - Grassi D, Desideri G, Necozione S, Ruggieri F, Blumberg JB, Stornello M, Ferri CProtective effects of flavanol-rich dark chocolate on endothelial function and wave reflection during acute hyperglycemiaHypertension.(2012 Sep)
- Blood Flow - Davison K, Coates AM, Buckley JD, Howe PREffect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjectsInt J Obes (Lond).(2008 Aug)
- Blood Flow - Grassi D, Desideri G, Necozione S, Lippi C, Casale R, Properzi G, Blumberg JB, Ferri CBlood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolateJ Nutr.(2008 Sep)
- Blood Flow - Muniyappa R, Hall G, Kolodziej TL, Karne RJ, Crandon SK, Quon MJCocoa consumption for 2 wk enhances insulin-mediated vasodilatation without improving blood pressure or insulin resistance in essential hypertensionAm J Clin Nutr.(2008 Dec)
- Blood Flow - Andrew B. Petrone, J. Michael Gaziano, Luc DjousséEffects of Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Products on Endothelial Function: A Meta-AnalysisCurrent Nutrition Reports.()
- Blood glucose - Almoosawi S, Fyfe L, Ho C, Al-Dujaili EThe effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucocorticoids in healthy overweight and obese subjectsBr J Nutr.(2010 Mar)
- Blood glucose - Grassi D, Lippi C, Necozione S, Desideri G, Ferri CShort-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy personsAm J Clin Nutr.(2005 Mar)
- Insulin - Allgrove J, Farrell E, Gleeson M, Williamson G, Cooper KRegular dark chocolate consumption's reduction of oxidative stress and increase of free-fatty-acid mobilization in response to prolonged cyclingInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2011 Apr)
- Insulin - Glen Davison, Robin Callister, Gary Williamson, Karen A Cooper, Michael GleesonThe effect of acute pre-exercise dark chocolate consumption on plasma antioxidant status, oxidative stress and immunoendocrine responses to prolonged exerciseEur J Nutr.(2012 Feb)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Fraga CG, Actis-Goretta L, Ottaviani JI, Carrasquedo F, Lotito SB, Lazarus S, Schmitz HH, Keen CLRegular consumption of a flavanol-rich chocolate can improve oxidant stress in young soccer playersClin Dev Immunol.(2005 Mar)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Tokede OA, Gaziano JM, Djoussé LEffects of cocoa products/dark chocolate on serum lipids: a meta-analysisEur J Clin Nutr.(2011 Aug)
- Triglycerides - Tzounis X, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Vulevic J, Gibson GR, Kwik-Uribe C, Spencer JPPrebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention studyAm J Clin Nutr.(2011 Jan)
- Blood Pressure - Ottaviani JI, Balz M, Kimball J, Ensunsa JL, Fong R, Momma TY, Kwik-Uribe C, Schroeter H, Keen CLSafety and efficacy of cocoa flavanol intake in healthy adults: a randomized, controlled, double-masked trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2015 Dec)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Zhu QY, Schramm DD, Gross HB, Holt RR, Kim SH, Yamaguchi T, Kwik-Uribe CL, Keen CLInfluence of cocoa flavanols and procyanidins on free radical-induced human erythrocyte hemolysisClin Dev Immunol.(2005 Mar)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Carnevale R, Loffredo L, Pignatelli P, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Di Santo S, Martino F, Catasca E, Perri L, Violi FDark chocolate inhibits platelet isoprostanes via NOX2 down-regulation in smokersJ Thromb Haemost.(2012 Jan)
- Blood Flow - Pal S, Ellis VAcute effects of whey protein isolate on blood pressure, vascular function and inflammatory markers in overweight postmenopausal womenBr J Nutr.(2011 May)
- Blood glucose - Mikael Nilsson, Jens J Holst, Inger Me BjörckMetabolic effects of amino acid mixtures and whey protein in healthy subjects: studies using glucose-equivalent drinksAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Vatani DS, Golzar FAChanges in antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors of overweight young men after six weeks supplementation of whey protein isolate and resistance trainingAppetite.(2012 Aug 10)
- Blood glucose - Chiang SW, Liu HW, Loh EW, Tam KW, Wang JY, Huang WL, Kuan YCWhey protein supplementation improves postprandial glycemia in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Res.(2022-Aug)
- Blood glucose - Smedegaard S, Kampmann U, Ovesen PG, Støvring H, Rittig NWhey Protein Premeal Lowers Postprandial Glucose Concentrations in Adults Compared with Water-The Effect of Timing, Dose, and Metabolic Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Am J Clin Nutr.(2023-Aug)
- Insulin - Pal S, Ellis V, Dhaliwal SEffects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individualsBr J Nutr.(2010 Sep)
- Insulin - Amirani E, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mirzaei H, Mansournia MA, Asemi ZEffects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Lipids Health Dis.(2020-Sep-21)
- Weight - Chitapanarux T, Tienboon P, Pojchamarnwiputh S, Leelarungrayub DOpen-labeled pilot study of cysteine-rich whey protein isolate supplementation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patientsJ Gastroenterol Hepatol.(2009 Jun)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Konstantinos Prokopidis, Mohsen Mazidi, Rajiv Sankaranarayanan, Behnam Tajik, Anne McArdle, Masoud IsanejadEffects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisBr J Nutr.(2023 Mar 14)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Zhou LM, Xu JY, Rao CP, Han S, Wan Z, Qin LQEffect of whey supplementation on circulating C-reactive protein: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrients.(2015-Feb-09)
- Interleukin 6 - Jamshidi S, Mohsenpour MA, Masoumi SJ, Fatahi S, Nasimi N, Zahabi ES, Pourrajab B, Shidfar FEffect of whey protein consumption on IL-6 and TNF-α: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Diabetes Metab Syndr.(2022-Jan)
- Blood Flow - Sergio De Marchi, Manlio Prior, Anna Rigoni, Sara Zecchetto, Fanny Rulfo, Enrico ArosioAscorbic acid prevents vascular dysfunction induced by oral glucose load in healthy subjectsEur J Intern Med.(2012 Jan)
- Blood glucose - Mason SA, Della Gatta PA, Snow RJ, Russell AP, Wadley GDAscorbic acid supplementation improves skeletal muscle oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes: Findings of a randomized controlled studyFree Radic Biol Med.(2016 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Ashor AW, Werner AD, Lara J, Willis ND, Mathers JC, Siervo MEffects of vitamin C supplementation on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trialsEur J Clin Nutr.(2017 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Johnston CS, Yen MFMegadose of vitamin C delays insulin response to a glucose challenge in normoglycemic adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(1994 Nov)
- Blood glucose - Bo S, Ciccone G, Durazzo M, Gambino R, Massarenti P, Baldi I, Lezo A, Tiozzo E, Pauletto D, Cassader M, Pagano GEfficacy of antioxidant treatment in reducing resistin serum levels: a randomized studyPLoS Clin Trials.(2007 May 4)
- Blood glucose - Ellulu MS, Rahmat A, Patimah I, Khaza'ai H, Abed YEffect of vitamin C on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trialDrug Des Devel Ther.(2015 Jul 1)
- HbA1c - Camargo JL, Stifft J, Gross JLThe effect of aspirin and vitamins C and E on HbA1c assaysClin Chim Acta.(2006 Oct)
- Glycemic Control - Yfanti C, Nielsen AR, Akerström T, Nielsen S, Rose AJ, Richter EA, Lykkesfeldt J, Fischer CP, Pedersen BKEffect of antioxidant supplementation on insulin sensitivity in response to endurance exercise trainingAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.(2011 May)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Block G, Jensen CD, Dalvi TB, Norkus EP, Hudes M, Crawford PB, Holland N, Fung EB, Schumacher L, Harmatz PVitamin C treatment reduces elevated C-reactive proteinFree Radic Biol Med.(2009 Jan 1)
- Interleukin 6 - Glen Davison, Michael GleesonInfluence of acute vitamin C and/or carbohydrate ingestion on hormonal, cytokine, and immune responses to prolonged exerciseInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2005 Oct)
- Cortisol - Nakhostin-Roohi B, Babaei P, Rahmani-Nia F, Bohlooli SEffect of vitamin C supplementation on lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation after 30-min exercise at 75% VO2maxJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2008 Jun)
- Cortisol - Davison G, Gleeson MThe effect of 2 weeks vitamin C supplementation on immunoendocrine responses to 2.5 h cycling exercise in manEur J Appl Physiol.(2006 Jul)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Kuiper HC, Bruno RS, Traber MG, Stevens JFVitamin C supplementation lowers urinary levels of 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal metabolites in humansFree Radic Biol Med.(2011 Apr 1)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Johnston CS, Dancho CL, Strong GMOrange juice ingestion and supplemental vitamin C are equally effective at reducing plasma lipid peroxidation in healthy adult womenJ Am Coll Nutr.(2003 Dec)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Retana-Ugalde R, Casanueva E, Altamirano-Lozano M, González-Torres C, Mendoza-Núñez VMHigh dosage of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol is not useful for diminishing oxidative stress and DNA damage in healthy elderly adultsAnn Nutr Metab.(2008)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Bryant RJ, Ryder J, Martino P, Kim J, Craig BWEffects of vitamin E and C supplementation either alone or in combination on exercise-induced lipid peroxidation in trained cyclistsJ Strength Cond Res.(2003 Nov)
- LDL Oxidation - Fuller CJ, May MA, Martin KJThe effect of vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation on LDL oxidizability and neutrophil respiratory burst in young smokersJ Am Coll Nutr.(2000 Jun)
- Inflammation - Colby JA, Chen WT, Baker WL, Coleman CI, Reinhart K, Kluger J, White CMEffect of ascorbic acid on inflammatory markers after cardiothoracic surgeryAm J Health Syst Pharm.(2011 Sep 1)
- Exercise Adaptations - Ristow M, Zarse K, Oberbach A, Klöting N, Birringer M, Kiehntopf M, Stumvoll M, Kahn CR, Blüher MAntioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humansProc Natl Acad Sci U S A.(2009 May 26)
- DNA Damage - Guarnieri S, Riso P, Porrini MOrange juice vs vitamin C: effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in mononuclear blood cellsBr J Nutr.(2007 Apr)
- Mineral Bioaccumulation - Calabrese EJ, Stoddard A, Leonard DA, Dinardi SRThe effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood and hair levels of cadmium, lead, and mercuryAnn N Y Acad Sci.(1987)
- Blood Flow - Volek JS, Judelson DA, Silvestre R, Yamamoto LM, Spiering BA, Hatfield DL, Vingren JL, Quann EE, Anderson JM, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJEffects of carnitine supplementation on flow-mediated dilation and vascular inflammatory responses to a high-fat meal in healthy young adultsAm J Cardiol.(2008 Nov 15)
- Oxygen Uptake - Weronika N Abramowicz, Stuart D R GallowayEffects of acute versus chronic L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on metabolic responses to steady state exercise in males and femalesInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2005 Aug)
- Blood glucose - Broad EM, Maughan RJ, Galloway S DREffects of exercise intensity and altered substrate availability on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in athletesInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2011 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Galloway SD, Craig TP, Cleland SJEffects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on insulin sensitivity indices in response to glucose feeding in lean and overweight/obese malesAmino Acids.(2011 Jul)
- Blood glucose - M R Rubin, J S Volek, A L Gómez, N A Ratamess, D N French, M J Sharman, W J KraemerSafety measures of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation in healthy menJ Strength Cond Res.(2001 Nov)
- Blood glucose - Hadis Fathizadeh, Alireza Milajerdi, Željko Reiner, Fariba Kolahdooz, Zatollah AsemiThe effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsEXCLI J.(2019 Aug 19)
- Blood glucose - Gaetano A, Mingrone G, Castagneto, M, Calvani MCarnitine Increases Glucose Disposal in HumansJ Am Coll Nutr.()
- Insulin - Li Y, Xie Y, Qiu C, Yu B, Yang F, Cheng Y, Zhong W, Yuan JEffects of L-carnitine supplementation on glucolipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Food Funct.(2023-Mar-06)
- Weight - Klaus D Wutzke, Henrik LorenzThe effect of l-carnitine on fat oxidation, protein turnover, and body composition in slightly overweight subjectsMetabolism.(2004 Aug)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Bloomer RJ, Tschume LC, Smith WAGlycine propionyl-L-carnitine modulates lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in human subjectsInt J Vitam Nutr Res.(2009 May)
- Glycemic Control - Malaguarnera M, Gargante MP, Russo C, Antic T, Vacante M, Malaguarnera M, Avitabile T, Li Volti G, Galvano FL-carnitine supplementation to diet: a new tool in treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis--a randomized and controlled clinical trialAm J Gastroenterol.(2010 Jun)
- Glycemic Control - Yvonne M H Bruls, Yvo J M Op den Kamp, Esther Phielix, Lucas Lindeboom, Bas Havekes, Gert Schaart, Esther Moonen-Kornips, Joachim E Wildberger, Matthijs K C Hesselink, Patrick Schrauwen, Vera B Schrauwen-HinderlingL-carnitine infusion does not alleviate lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibilityPLoS One.(2020 Sep 25)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Amirhossein SahebkarEffect of L-carnitine Supplementation on Circulating C-reactive Protein Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisJ Med Biochem.(2015 Apr)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - F Haghighatdoost, M Jabbari, Mitra HaririThe effect of L-carnitine on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trialsEur J Clin Pharmacol.(2019 Aug)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Bor-Jen Lee, Jun-Shuo Lin, Yi-Chin Lin, Ping-Ting LinAntiinflammatory effects of L-carnitine supplementation (1000 mg/d) in coronary artery disease patientsNutrition.(2015 Mar)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Yu Cao, Hai-Jun Qu, Ping Li, Chun-Bo Wang, Le-Xin Wang, Zhi-Wu HanSingle dose administration of L-carnitine improves antioxidant activities in healthy subjectsTohoku J Exp Med.(2011 Jul)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Bloomer RJ, Farney TM, Trepanowski JF, McCarthy CG, Canale RE, Schilling BKComparison of pre-workout nitric oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, blood nitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise performance in resistance trained menJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2010 May 6)
- Metabolic Rate - Satoshi Odo, Koji Tanabe, Masafumi Yohda, Masamitsu YamauchiLiver-Oriented Acute Metabolic Effects of A Low Dose of L-Carnitine under Fat-Mobilizing Conditions: Pilot Human Clinical TrialJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2020)
- Plasma Nitrate - Bloomer RJ, Smith WA, Fisher-Wellman KHGlycine propionyl-L-carnitine increases plasma nitrate/nitrite in resistance trained menJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2007 Dec 3)
- Blood Flow - Coombes JS, Sharman JE, Fassett RGAstaxanthin has no effect on arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, or inflammation in renal transplant recipients: a randomized controlled trial (the XANTHIN trial)Am J Clin Nutr.(2016 Jan)
- Oxygen Uptake - Petyaev IM, Klochkov VA, Chalyk NE, Pristensky DV, Chernyshova MP, Kyle NH, Bashmakov YKMarkers of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress in Aging Volunteers Ingesting Lycosomal Formulation of Dark Chocolate Containing AstaxanthinJ Nutr Health Aging.(2018)
- Blood glucose - Kim JH, Chang MJ, Choi HD, Youn YK, Kim JT, Oh JM, Shin WGProtective effects of Haematococcus astaxanthin on oxidative stress in healthy smokersJ Med Food.(2011 Nov)
- Blood glucose - Nakagawa K, Kiko T, Miyazawa T, Carpentero Burdeos G, Kimura F, Satoh A, Miyazawa TAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesBr J Nutr.(2011 Jun)
- Blood glucose - Spiller GA, Dewell ASafety of an astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis algal extract: a randomized clinical trialJ Med Food.(2003 Spring)
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - Baralic I, Andjelkovic M, Djordjevic B, Dikic N, Radivojevic N, Suzin-Zivkovic V, Radojevic-Skodric S, Pejic SEffect of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Salivary IgA, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Young Soccer PlayersEvid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2015)
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - L. Wu, et alEffect of astaxanthin and exercise on antioxidant capacity of human body, blood lactic acid and blood uric acid metabolismSci Sports.()
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Park JS, Chyun JH, Kim YK, Line LL, Chew BPAstaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humansNutr Metab (Lond).(2010 Mar 5)
- Blood Flow - Arangino S, Cagnacci A, Angiolucci M, Vacca AM, Longu G, Volpe A, Melis GBEffects of melatonin on vascular reactivity, catecholamine levels, and blood pressure in healthy menAm J Cardiol.(1999 May 1)
- Blood glucose - Koziróg M, Poliwczak AR, Duchnowicz P, Koter-Michalak M, Sikora J, Broncel MMelatonin treatment improves blood pressure, lipid profile, and parameters of oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndromeJ Pineal Res.(2011 Apr)
- Cortisol - Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Treacher DF, Wheeler MJ, Forsling MLMelatonin administration and pituitary hormone secretionClin Endocrinol (Oxf).(1998 Jan)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Ochoa JJ, Díaz-Castro J, Kajarabille N, García C, Guisado IM, De Teresa C, Guisado RMelatonin supplementation ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling induced by strenuous exercise in adult human malesJ Pineal Res.(2011 Nov)
- Growth Hormone - Forsling ML, Wheeler MJ, Williams AJThe effect of melatonin administration on pituitary hormone secretion in manClin Endocrinol (Oxf).(1999 Nov)
- Blood Flow - Dangardt F, Osika W, Chen Y, Nilsson U, Gan LM, Gronowitz E, Strandvik B, Friberg POmega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves vascular function and reduces inflammation in obese adolescentsAtherosclerosis.(2010 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Shidfar F, Keshavarz A, Hosseyni S, Ameri A, Yarahmadi SEffects of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on serum lipids, apolipoproteins and malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetes patientsEast Mediterr Health J.(2008 Mar-Apr)
- Blood glucose - Krebs JD, Browning LM, McLean NK, Rothwell JL, Mishra GD, Moore CS, Jebb SAAdditive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic womenInt J Obes (Lond).(2006 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Maki KC, Lawless AL, Kelley KM, Dicklin MR, Schild AL, Rains TMPrescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters reduce fasting and postprandial triglycerides and modestly reduce pancreatic β-cell response in subjects with primary hypertriglyceridemiaProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.(2011 Sep-Oct)
- Blood glucose - Fakhrzadeh H, Ghaderpanahi M, Sharifi F, Mirarefin M, Badamchizade Z, Kamrani AA, Larijani BThe effects of low dose n-3 fatty acids on serum lipid profiles and insulin resistance of the elderly: a randomized controlled clinical trialInt J Vitam Nutr Res.(2010 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Luo J, Rizkalla SW, Vidal H, Oppert JM, Colas C, Boussairi A, Guerre-Millo M, Chapuis AS, Chevalier A, Durand G, Slama GModerate intake of n-3 fatty acids for 2 months has no detrimental effect on glucose metabolism and could ameliorate the lipid profile in type 2 diabetic men. Results of a controlled studyDiabetes Care.(1998 May)
- Insulin - M Gorety Jacobo-Cejudo, Roxana Valdés-Ramos, Ana L Guadarrama-López, Rosa-Virgen Pardo-Morales, Beatriz E Martínez-Carrillo, Laurence S HarbigeEffect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus PatientsNutrients.(2017 Jun 3)
- Weight - C Couet, J Delarue, P Ritz, J M Antoine, F LamisseEffect of dietary fish oil on body fat mass and basal fat oxidation in healthy adultsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(1997 Aug)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Ciubotaru I, Lee YS, Wander RCDietary fish oil decreases C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and triacylglycerol to HDL-cholesterol ratio in postmenopausal women on HRTJ Nutr Biochem.(2003 Sep)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Vega-López S, Kaul N, Devaraj S, Cai RY, German B, Jialal ISupplementation with omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and all-rac alpha-tocopherol alone and in combination failed to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in human volunteersMetabolism.(2004 Feb)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Thusgaard M, Christensen JH, Mørn B, Andersen TS, Vige R, Arildsen H, Schmidt EB, Nielsen HEffect of fish oil (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and inflammatory markers in HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyScand J Infect Dis.(2009)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Zulyniak MA, Perreault M, Gerling C, Spriet LL, Mutch DMFish oil supplementation alters circulating eicosanoid concentrations in young healthy menMetabolism.(2013 Mar 20)
- Glycemic Control - Akinkuolie AO, Ngwa JS, Meigs JB, Djoussé LOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsClin Nutr.(2011 Dec)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Madsen T, Christensen JH, Blom M, Schmidt EBThe effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on serum concentrations of C-reactive protein: a dose-response studyBr J Nutr.(2003 Apr)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Yusof HM, Miles EA, Calder PInfluence of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids on plasma markers of inflammation in middle-aged menProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.(2008 Mar)
- Insulin Resistance - Hou M, Zhou W, Sun L, Wang B, Shen J, Cao L, Lv HEffect of Fish Oil on Insulin Sensitivity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials.Can J Diabetes.(2021-Aug)
- Interleukin 6 - Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Andridge R, Malarkey WB, Hwang BS, Glaser ROmega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation in healthy middle-aged and older adults: a randomized controlled trialBrain Behav Immun.(2012 Aug)
- TNF-Alpha - Pot GK, Brouwer IA, Enneman A, Rijkers GT, Kampman E, Geelen ANo effect of fish oil supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and their interrelationships: a randomized controlled trial in healthy, middle-aged individualsEur J Clin Nutr.(2009 Nov)
- TNF-Alpha - Kelley DS, Taylor PC, Nelson GJ, Schmidt PC, Ferretti A, Erickson KL, Yu R, Chandra RK, Mackey BEDocosahexaenoic acid ingestion inhibits natural killer cell activity and production of inflammatory mediators in young healthy menLipids.(1999 Apr)
- Cortisol - Yann K Pittet, Mette M Berger, Thomas-Thi Pluess, Pierre Voirol, Jean-Pierre Revelly, Luc Tappy, René L ChioléroBlunting the response to endotoxin in healthy subjects: effects of various doses of intravenous fish oilIntensive Care Med.(2010 Feb)
- Cortisol - Michaeli B, Berger MM, Revelly JP, Tappy L, Chioléro REffects of fish oil on the neuro-endocrine responses to an endotoxin challenge in healthy volunteersClin Nutr.(2007 Feb)
- Cell Adhesion Factors - Maria C Paulo, Ana M Andrade, Maria L Andrade, Maria G Morais, Mairead Kiely, Dolores Parra, J Alfredo Martinéz, Inga Thorsdottir, Narcisa M BandarraInfluence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on soluble cellular adhesion molecules as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in young healthy subjectsNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2008 Dec)
- Cell Adhesion Factors - Kooshki A, Taleban FA, Tabibi H, Hedayati MEffects of marine omega-3 fatty acids on serum systemic and vascular inflammation markers and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patientsAnn Nutr Metab.(2011)
- Leukotriene B5 - Stanke-Labesque F, Molière P, Bessard J, Laville M, Véricel E, Lagarde MEffect of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of docosahexaenoic acid on neutrophil lipid composition and leukotriene production in human healthy volunteersBr J Nutr.(2008 Oct)
- Infant Death Risk - Zhou SJ, Yelland L, McPhee AJ, Quinlivan J, Gibson RA, Makrides MFish-oil supplementation in pregnancy does not reduce the risk of gestational diabetes or preeclampsiaAm J Clin Nutr.(2012 Jun)
- Blood Flow - Santos-Parker JR, Strahler TR, Bassett CJ, Bispham NZ, Chonchol MB, Seals DRCurcumin supplementation improves vascular endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing oxidative stressAging (Albany NY).(2017 Jan 3)
- Blood glucose - Adab Z, Eghtesadi S, Vafa MR, Heydari I, Shojaii A, Haqqani H, Arablou T, Eghtesadi MEffect of turmeric on glycemic status, lipid profile, hs-CRP, and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes mellitus patientsPhytother Res.(2019 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Cicero AFG, Sahebkar A, Fogacci F, Bove M, Giovannini M, Borghi CEffects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialEur J Nutr.(2019 Feb 22)
- Blood glucose - Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Rezayat SM, Mansouri S, Qorbani M, Alavian SM, Daneshi-Maskooni M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJNano-curcumin improves glucose indices, lipids, inflammation, and Nesfatin in overweight and obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trialNutr Metab (Lond).(2019 Jan 28)
- Blood glucose - Saeede Saadati, Behzad Hatami, Zahra Yari, Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf, Sareh Eghtesad, Asieh Mansour, Hossein Poustchi, Mehdi Hedayati, Morteza Aghajanpoor-Pasha, Amir Sadeghi, Azita HekmatdoostThe effects of curcumin supplementation on liver enzymes, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseEur J Clin Nutr.(2019 Mar)
- Blood glucose - Thota RN, Dias CB, Abbott KA, Acharya SH, Garg MLCurcumin alleviates postprandial glycaemic response in healthy subjects: A cross-over, randomized controlled studySci Rep.(2018 Sep 12)
- Blood glucose - Kocher A, Bohnert L, Schiborr C, Frank JHighly bioavailable micellar curcuminoids accumulate in blood, are safe and do not reduce blood lipids and inflammation markers in moderately hyperlipidemic individualsMol Nutr Food Res.(2016 Jul)
- Blood glucose - Wickenberg J, Ingemansson SL, Hlebowicz JEffects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin in healthy subjectsNutr J.(2010 Oct 12)
- Total cholesterol - Kanit Pungcharoenkul, Phensri ThongnopnuaEffect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjectsPhytother Res.(2011 Nov)
- Iron Absorption - Siriporn Tuntipopipat, Kunchit Judprasong, Christophe Zeder, Emorn Wasantwisut, Pattanee Winichagoon, Somsri Charoenkiatkul, Richard Hurrell, Thomas WalczykChili, but not turmeric, inhibits iron absorption in young women from an iron-fortified composite mealJ Nutr.(2006 Dec)
- Prostate Specific Antigen - Ide H, Tokiwa S, Sakamaki K, Nishio K, Isotani S, Muto S, Hama T, Masuda H, Horie SCombined inhibitory effects of soy isoflavones and curcumin on the production of prostate-specific antigenProstate.(2010 Jul 1)
- Blood Flow - Ali A, Ma Y, Reynolds J, Wise JP Sr, Inzucchi SE, Katz DLChromium effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in persons at risk for diabetes mellitusEndocr Pract.(2011 Jan-Feb)
- Blood glucose - Lai MHAntioxidant effects and insulin resistance improvement of chromium combined with vitamin C and e supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitusJ Clin Biochem Nutr.(2008 Nov)
- Blood glucose - Aghdassi E, Arendt BM, Salit IE, Mohammed SS, Jalali P, Bondar H, Allard JPIn patients with HIV-infection, chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trialCurr HIV Res.(2010 Mar)
- Blood glucose - Volek JS, Silvestre R, Kirwan JP, Sharman MJ, Judelson DA, Spiering BA, Vingren JL, Maresh CM, Vanheest JL, Kraemer WJEffects of chromium supplementation on glycogen synthesis after high-intensity exerciseMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2006 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Offenbacher EG, Rinko CJ, Pi-Sunyer FXThe effects of inorganic chromium and brewer's yeast on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, and plasma chromium in elderly subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(1985 Sep)
- Blood glucose - Joseph LJ, Farrell PA, Davey SL, Evans WJ, Campbell WWEffect of resistance training with or without chromium picolinate supplementation on glucose metabolism in older men and womenMetabolism.(1999 May)
- Blood glucose - Frauchiger MT, Wenk C, Colombani PCEffects of acute chromium supplementation on postprandial metabolism in healthy young menJ Am Coll Nutr.(2004 Aug)
- Blood glucose - Kim CW, Kim BT, Park KH, Kim KM, Lee DJ, Yang SW, Joo NSEffects of short-term chromium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and body composition in overweight children: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Nutr Biochem.(2011 Nov)
- Blood glucose - Racek J, Trefil L, Rajdl D, Mudrová V, Hunter D, Senft VInfluence of chromium-enriched yeast on blood glucose and insulin variables, blood lipids, and markers of oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitusBiol Trace Elem Res.(2006 Mar)
- Insulin - Jamilian M, Asemi ZChromium Supplementation and the Effects on Metabolic Status in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled TrialAnn Nutr Metab.(2015)
- Weight - Lukaski HC, Siders WA, Penland JGChromium picolinate supplementation in women: effects on body weight, composition, and iron statusNutrition.(2007 Mar)
- Blood Flow - Kawano H, Yasue H, Kitagawa A, Hirai N, Yoshida T, Soejima H, Miyamoto S, Nakano M, Ogawa HDehydroepiandrosterone supplementation improves endothelial function and insulin sensitivity in menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2003 Jul)
- Blood glucose - Martina V, Benso A, Gigliardi VR, Masha A, Origlia C, Granata R, Ghigo EShort-term dehydroepiandrosterone treatment increases platelet cGMP production in elderly male subjectsClin Endocrinol (Oxf).(2006 Mar)
- Blood glucose - Jedrzejuk D, Medras M, Milewicz A, Demissie MDehydroepiandrosterone replacement in healthy men with age-related decline of DHEA-S: effects on fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolismAging Male.(2003 Sep)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Jankowski CM, Gozansky WS, Van Pelt RE, Wolfe P, Schwartz RS, Kohrt WMOral dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in older adults: effects on central adiposity, glucose metabolism and blood lipidsClin Endocrinol (Oxf).(2011 Oct)
- Cortisol - Alessandro D Genazzani, Massimo Stomati, Francesca Bernardi, Matteo Pieri, Lucio Rovati, Andrea R GenazzaniLong-term low-dose dehydroepiandrosterone oral supplementation in early and late postmenopausal women modulates endocrine parameters and synthesis of neuroactive steroidsFertil Steril.(2003 Dec)
- Lean Mass - Abrams DI, Shade SB, Couey P, McCune JM, Lo J, Bacchetti P, Chang B, Epling L, Liegler T, Grant RMDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) effects on HIV replication and host immunity: a randomized placebo-controlled studyAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.(2007 Jan)
- Stress Signs and Symptoms - Taylor MK, Padilla GA, Stanfill KE, Markham AE, Khosravi JY, Ward MD, Koehler MMEffects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation during stressful military training: a randomized, controlled, double-blind field studyStress.(2012 Jan)
- Menopausal Symptoms - Ma H, Sullivan-Halley J, Smith AW, Neuhouser ML, Alfano CM, Meeske K, George SM, McTiernan A, McKean-Cowdin R, Baumgartner KB, Ballard-Barbash R, Bernstein LEstrogenic botanical supplements, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and hormone-related symptoms in breast cancer survivors: a HEAL study reportBMC Complement Altern Med.(2011 Nov 8)
- Oxygen Uptake - J Szołomicki, L Samochowiec, J Wójcicki, M DroździkThe influence of active components of Eleutherococcus senticosus on cellular defence and physical fitness in manPhytother Res.(2000 Feb)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Lee YJ, Chung HY, Kwak HK, Yoon SThe effects of A. senticosus supplementation on serum lipid profiles, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and lymphocyte DNA damage in postmenopausal womenBiochem Biophys Res Commun.(2008 Oct 10)
- Oxygen Uptake - Kingsley M, Cunningham D, Mason L, Kilduff LP, McEneny JRole of creatine supplementation on exercise-induced cardiovascular function and oxidative stressOxid Med Cell Longev.(2009 Sep-Oct)
- Blood glucose - Rooney KB, Bryson JM, Digney AL, Rae CD, Thompson CHCreatine supplementation affects glucose homeostasis but not insulin secretion in humansAnn Nutr Metab.(2003)
- Blood glucose - Gualano B, Novaes RB, Artioli GG, Freire TO, Coelho DF, Scagliusi FB, Rogeri PS, Roschel H, Ugrinowitsch C, Lancha AH JrEffects of creatine supplementation on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in sedentary healthy males undergoing aerobic trainingAmino Acids.(2008 Feb)
- Insulin - van Loon LJ, Murphy R, Oosterlaar AM, Cameron-Smith D, Hargreaves M, Wagenmakers AJ, Snow RCreatine supplementation increases glycogen storage but not GLUT-4 expression in human skeletal muscleClin Sci (Lond).(2004 Jan)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Schilling BK, Stone MH, Utter A, Kearney JT, Johnson M, Coglianese R, Smith L, O'Bryant HS, Fry AC, Starks M, Keith R, Stone MECreatine supplementation and health variables: a retrospective studyMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2001 Feb)
- Total cholesterol - Gualano B, Ugrinowitsch C, Artioli GG, Benatti FB, Scagliusi FB, Harris RC, Lancha AH JrDoes creatine supplementation improve the plasma lipid profile in healthy male subjects undergoing aerobic trainingJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2008 Oct 3)
- Insulin Resistance - Delpino FM, Figueiredo LMDoes creatine supplementation improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in healthy and diabetic patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2022-Feb)
- Cortisol - D. Sheikholeslami Vatania, H. Farajib, R. Sooric, M. MogharnasidThe effects of creatine supplementation on performance and hormonal response in amateur swimmersScience and Sports.()
- Lean Mass - Hoffman J, Ratamess N, Kang J, Mangine G, Faigenbaum A, Stout JEffect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletesInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2006 Aug)
- Testosterone - van der Merwe J, Brooks NE, Myburgh KHThree weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation affects dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio in college-aged rugby playersClin J Sport Med.(2009 Sep)
- Glycogen - Op 't Eijnde B, Ursø B, Richter EA, Greenhaff PL, Hespel PEffect of oral creatine supplementation on human muscle GLUT4 protein content after immobilizationDiabetes.(2001 Jan)
- Muscle Creatine Content - Robinson TM, Sewell DA, Hultman E, Greenhaff PLRole of submaximal exercise in promoting creatine and glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscleJ Appl Physiol (1985).(1999 Aug)
- Muscle Creatine Content - Jeffrey J Brault, Theodore F Towse, Jill M Slade, Ronald A MeyerParallel increases in phosphocreatine and total creatine in human vastus lateralis muscle during creatine supplementationInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2007 Dec)
- Muscle Creatine Content - Watt KK, Garnham AP, Snow RJSkeletal muscle total creatine content and creatine transporter gene expression in vegetarians prior to and following creatine supplementationInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2004 Oct)
- Oxygen Uptake - Shin KO, Moritani TAlterations of autonomic nervous activity and energy metabolism by capsaicin ingestion during aerobic exercise in healthy menJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2007 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Chaiyasit K, Khovidhunkit W, Wittayalertpanya SPharmacokinetic and the effect of capsaicin in Capsicum frutescens on decreasing plasma glucose levelJ Med Assoc Thai.(2009 Jan)
- Oxygen Uptake - Scribbans TD, Ma JK, Edgett BA, Vorobej KA, Mitchell AS, Zelt JG, Simpson CA, Quadrilatero J, Gurd BJResveratrol supplementation does not augment performance adaptations or fibre-type-specific responses to high-intensity interval training in humansAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2014 Nov)
- Oxygen Uptake - Wei Hung, Tsung-Han Liu, Chung-Yu Chen, Chen-Kang ChangEffect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Supplementation During Energy Restriction in Female Judo AthletesJournal of Exercise Science & Fitness.()
- Blood glucose - Kars M, Yang L, Gregor MF, Mohammed BS, Pietka TA, Finck BN, Patterson BW, Horton JD, Mittendorfer B, Hotamisligil GS, Klein STauroursodeoxycholic Acid may improve liver and muscle but not adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in obese men and womenDiabetes.(2010 Aug)
- Blood glucose - Jones ML, Martoni CJ, Di Pietro E, Simon RR, Prakash SEvaluation of clinical safety and tolerance of a Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 supplement capsule: a randomized control trialRegul Toxicol Pharmacol.(2012 Jul)
- Blood glucose - Paradis ME, Couture P, Lamarche BA randomised crossover placebo-controlled trial investigating the effect of brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus) on postchallenge plasma glucose and insulin levels in men and womenAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2011 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Partsalaki I, Karvela A, Spiliotis BEMetabolic impact of a ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet in obese children and adolescentsJ Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.(2012)
- Blood glucose - Bisschop PH, Pereira Arias AM, Ackermans MT, Endert E, Pijl H, Kuipers F, Meijer AJ, Sauerwein HP, Romijn JAThe effects of carbohydrate variation in isocaloric diets on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in healthy menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2000 May)
- Blood glucose - Rosenbaum M, Hall KD, Guo J, Ravussin E, Mayer LS, Reitman ML, Smith SR, Walsh BT, Leibel RLGlucose and Lipid Homeostasis and Inflammation in Humans Following an Isocaloric Ketogenic DietObesity (Silver Spring).(2019 Jun)
- Blood glucose - Kirk E, Reeds DN, Finck BN, Mayurranjan SM, Patterson BW, Klein SDietary fat and carbohydrates differentially alter insulin sensitivity during caloric restrictionGastroenterology.(2009 May)
- Blood glucose - Sharman MJ, Gómez AL, Kraemer WJ, Volek JSVery low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets affect fasting lipids and postprandial lipemia differently in overweight menJ Nutr.(2004 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DAA randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2003 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Hernandez TL, Sutherland JP, Wolfe P, Allian-Sauer M, Capell WH, Talley ND, Wyatt HR, Foster GD, Hill JO, Eckel RHLack of suppression of circulating free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia during weight loss on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate dietAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Mar)
- Insulin - Amanollahi A, Khazdouz M, Malekahmadi M, Klement RJ, Lee D, Khodabakhshi AEffect of Ketogenic Diets on Cardio-Metabolic Outcomes in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials.Nutr Cancer.(2023)
- Weight - Mohamed Rafiullah, Mohthash Musambil, Satish Kumar DavidEffect of a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet vs recommended diets in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysisNutr Rev.(2021 Aug 2)
- Weight - Jing T, Zhang S, Bai M, Chen Z, Gao S, Li S, Zhang JEffect of Dietary Approaches on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.Nutrients.(2023-Jul-15)
- Uric Acid - Gohari S, Ghobadi S, Jafari A, Ahangar H, Gohari S, Mahjani MThe effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension and ketogenic diets intervention on serum uric acid concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Sci Rep.(2023 Jun 28)
- Blood glucose - Marianne Raff, Tine Tholstrup, Samar Basu, Pernille Nonboe, Martin Tang Sørensen, Ellen Marie StraarupA diet rich in conjugated linoleic acid and butter increases lipid peroxidation but does not affect atherosclerotic, inflammatory, or diabetic risk markers in healthy young menJ Nutr.(2008 Mar)
- Blood glucose - Nazare JA, de la Perrière AB, Bonnet F, Desage M, Peyrat J, Maitrepierre C, Louche-Pelissier C, Bruzeau J, Goudable J, Lassel T, Vidal H, Laville MDaily intake of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched yoghurts: effects on energy metabolism and adipose tissue gene expression in healthy subjectsBr J Nutr.(2007 Feb)
- Blood glucose - Colakoglu S, Colakoglu M, Taneli F, Cetinoz F, Turkmen MCumulative effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on endurance development, body composition, serum leptin and insulin levelsJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2006 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Tricon S, Burdge GC, Jones EL, Russell JJ, El-Khazen S, Moretti E, Hall WL, Gerry AB, Leake DS, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Calder PC, Yaqoob PEffects of dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid on the blood lipid profile in healthy middle-aged menAm J Clin Nutr.(2006 Apr)
- Blood glucose - A Brianne Thrush, Adrian Chabowski, George J Heigenhauser, Brian W McBride, Mamun Or-Rashid, David J DyckConjugated linoleic acid increases skeletal muscle ceramide content and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight, non-diabetic humansAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2007 Jun)
- Insulin - Lambert EV, Goedecke JH, Bluett K, Heggie K, Claassen A, Rae DE, West S, Dugas J, Dugas L, Meltzeri S, Charlton K, Mohede IConjugated linoleic acid versus high-oleic acid sunflower oil: effects on energy metabolism, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, appetite and body composition in regularly exercising individualsBr J Nutr.(2007 May)
- Weight - Close RN, Schoeller DA, Watras AC, Nora EHConjugated linoleic acid supplementation alters the 6-mo change in fat oxidation during sleepAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Sep)
- Weight - Diaz ML, Watkins BA, Li Y, Anderson RA, Campbell WWChromium picolinate and conjugated linoleic acid do not synergistically influence diet- and exercise-induced changes in body composition and health indexes in overweight womenJ Nutr Biochem.(2008 Jan)
- Weight - Risérus U, Vessby B, Arnlöv J, Basu SEffects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese menAm J Clin Nutr.(2004 Aug)
- Weight - Whigham LD, O'Shea M, Mohede IC, Walaski HP, Atkinson RLSafety profile of conjugated linoleic acid in a 12-month trial in obese humansFood Chem Toxicol.(2004 Oct)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Tine Tholstrup, Marianne Raff, Ellen M Straarup, Pia Lund, Samar Basu, Jens M BruunAn oil mixture with trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid increases markers of inflammation and in vivo lipid peroxidation compared with cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in postmenopausal womenJ Nutr.(2008 Aug)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Sato K, Shinohara N, Honma T, Ito J, Arai T, Nosaka N, Aoyama T, Tsuduki T, Ikeda IThe change in conjugated linoleic acid concentration in blood of Japanese fed a conjugated linoleic acid dietJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2011)
- Glycemic Control - Eyjolfson V, Spriet LL, Dyck DJConjugated linoleic acid improves insulin sensitivity in young, sedentary humansMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2004 May)
- Body Fat - Sneddon AA, Tsofliou F, Fyfe CL, Matheson I, Jackson DM, Horgan G, Winzell MS, Wahle KW, Ahren B, Williams LMEffect of a conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acid mixture on body composition and adiponectinObesity (Silver Spring).(2008 May)
- Liver Enzymes - Smedman A, Vessby B, Basu SIsomer-specific effects of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid peroxidation in humans: regulation by alpha-tocopherol and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitorClin Sci (Lond).(2004 Jan)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Kuhnt K, Wagner A, Kraft J, Basu S, Jahreis GDietary supplementation with 11trans- and 12trans-18:1 and oxidative stress in humansAm J Clin Nutr.(2006 Nov)
- Metabolic Rate - Kamphuis MM, Lejeune MP, Saris WH, Westerterp-Plantenga MSThe effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjectsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2003 Jul)
- Blood glucose - Blacker BC, Snyder SM, Eggett DL, Parker TLConsumption of blueberries with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat breakfast decreases postprandial serum markers of oxidationBr J Nutr.(2013 May)
- Blood glucose - Colin D Kay, Bruce J HolubThe effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on postprandial serum antioxidant status in human subjectsBr J Nutr.(2002 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Clegg ME, Pratt M, Meade CM, Henry CJThe addition of raspberries and blueberries to a starch-based food does not alter the glycaemic responseBr J Nutr.(2011 Aug)
- Heart Rate - Del Bo C, Riso P, Campolo J, Møller P, Loft S, Klimis-Zacas D, Brambilla A, Rizzolo A, Porrini MA single portion of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L) improves protection against DNA damage but not vascular function in healthy male volunteersNutr Res.(2013 Mar)
- DNA Damage - Riso P, Klimis-Zacas D, Del Bo' C, Martini D, Campolo J, Vendrame S, Møller P, Loft S, De Maria R, Porrini MEffect of a wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) drink intervention on markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial function in humans with cardiovascular risk factorsEur J Nutr.(2013 Apr)
- DNA Damage - Wilms LC, Boots AW, de Boer VC, Maas LM, Pachen DM, Gottschalk RW, Ketelslegers HB, Godschalk RW, Haenen GR, van Schooten FJ, Kleinjans JCImpact of multiple genetic polymorphisms on effects of a 4-week blueberry juice intervention on ex vivo induced lymphocytic DNA damage in human volunteersCarcinogenesis.(2007 Aug)
- Blood glucose - Hang Guo, Ai Saiga, Mikako Sato, Izumi Miyazawa, Makoto Shibata, Yoshihisa Takahata, Fumiki MorimatsuRoyal jelly supplementation improves lipoprotein metabolism in humansJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2007 Aug)
- Blood glucose - Morita H, Ikeda T, Kajita K, Fujioka K, Mori I, Okada H, Uno Y, Ishizuka TEffect of royal jelly ingestion for six months on healthy volunteersNutr J.(2012 Sep 21)
- Blood glucose - Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán MMagnesium improves the beta-cell function to compensate variation of insulin sensitivity: double-blind, randomized clinical trialEur J Clin Invest.(2011 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Lee S, Park HK, Son SP, Lee CW, Kim IJ, Kim HJEffects of oral magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in normo-magnesemic nondiabetic overweight Korean adultsNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2009 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Mooren FC, Krüger K, Völker K, Golf SW, Wadepuhl M, Kraus AOral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects - a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trialDiabetes Obes Metab.(2011 Mar)
- Blood glucose - Vedat Cinar, Yahya Polat, Rasim Mogulkoc, Mustafa Nizamlioglu, Abdulkerim Kasim BaltaciThe effect of magnesium supplementation on glucose and insulin levels of tae-kwan-do sportsmen and sedentary subjectsPak J Pharm Sci.(2008 Jul)
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - Nicola Veronese, Damiano Pizzol, Lee Smith, Ligia J Dominguez, Mario BarbagalloEffect of Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsNutrients.(2022 Feb 5)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Talebi S, Miraghajani M, Hosseini R, Mohammadi HThe Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Biol Trace Elem Res.(2022-Apr)
- Insulin Resistance - Guerrero-Romero F, Tamez-Perez HE, González-González G, Salinas-Martínez AM, Montes-Villarreal J, Treviño-Ortiz JH, Rodríguez-Morán MOral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.Diabetes Metab.(2004-Jun)
- Cortisol - Cinar V, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Polat YAdrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in athletes and sedentary subjects at rest and exhaustion: effects of magnesium supplementationBiol Trace Elem Res.(2008 Mar)
- Blood glucose - Collene AL, Hertzler SR, Williams JA, Wolf BWEffects of a nutritional supplement containing Salacia oblonga extract and insulinogenic amino acids on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and breath hydrogen responses in healthy adultsNutrition.(2005 Jul-Aug)
- Blood glucose - Heacock PM, Hertzler SR, Williams JA, Wolf BWEffects of a medical food containing an herbal alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy adultsJ Am Diet Assoc.(2005 Jan)
- Blood glucose - Schwab U, Törrönen A, Toppinen L, Alfthan G, Saarinen M, Aro A, Uusitupa MBetaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(2002 Nov)
- Homocysteine - Brouwer IA, Verhoef P, Urgert RBetaine supplementation and plasma homocysteine in healthy volunteersArch Intern Med.(2000 Sep 11)
- Homocysteine - Schwab U, Törrönen A, Meririnne E, Saarinen M, Alfthan G, Aro A, Uusitupa MOrally administered betaine has an acute and dose-dependent effect on serum betaine and plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy humansJ Nutr.(2006 Jan)
- Homocysteine - Atkinson W, Slow S, Elmslie J, Lever M, Chambers ST, George PMDietary and supplementary betaine: effects on betaine and homocysteine concentrations in malesNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2009 Dec)
- Homocysteine - Steenge GR, Verhoef P, Katan MBBetaine supplementation lowers plasma homocysteine in healthy men and womenJ Nutr.(2003 May)
- Homocysteine - Margreet R. Olthof, Trinette van Vliet, Esther Boelsma, and Petra VerhoefLow Dose Betaine Supplementation Leads to Immediate and Long Term Lowering of Plasma Homocysteine in Healthy Men and WomenThe Journal of Nutrition.()
- Blood glucose - Wu AH, Spicer D, Stanczyk FZ, Tseng CC, Yang CS, Pike MCEffect of 2-month controlled green tea intervention on lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and hormone levels in healthy postmenopausal womenCancer Prev Res (Phila).(2012 Mar)
- Insulin - Venables MC, Hulston CJ, Cox HR, Jeukendrup AEGreen tea extract ingestion, fat oxidation, and glucose tolerance in healthy humansAm J Clin Nutr.(2008 Mar)
- Fat Oxidation - Gregersen NT, Bitz C, Krog-Mikkelsen I, Hels O, Kovacs EM, Rycroft JA, Frandsen E, Mela DJ, Astrup AEffect of moderate intakes of different tea catechins and caffeine on acute measures of energy metabolism under sedentary conditionsBr J Nutr.(2009 Oct)
- Fat Oxidation - Ichinose T, Nomura S, Someya Y, Akimoto S, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi KEffect of endurance training supplemented with green tea extract on substrate metabolism during exercise in humansScand J Med Sci Sports.(2011 Aug)
- Metabolic Rate - Lonac MC, Richards JC, Schweder MM, Johnson TK, Bell CInfluence of short-term consumption of the caffeine-free, epigallocatechin-3-gallate supplement, Teavigo, on resting metabolism and the thermic effect of feedingObesity (Silver Spring).(2011 Feb)
- Iron Absorption - Ullmann U, Haller J, Bakker GC, Brink EJ, Weber PEpigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (TEAVIGO) does not impair nonhaem-iron absorption in manPhytomedicine.(2005 Jun)
- Blood glucose - Raut AA, Rege NN, Tadvi FM, Solanki PV, Kene KR, Shirolkar SG, Pandey SN, Vaidya RA, Vaidya ABExploratory study to evaluate tolerability, safety, and activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in healthy volunteersJ Ayurveda Integr Med.(2012 Jul)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Kuchewar VV, Borkar MA, Nisargandha MAEvaluation of antioxidant potential of Rasayana drugs in healthy human volunteersAyu.(2014 Jan)
- Blood glucose - Kelishadi R, Hashemipour M, Adeli K, Tavakoli N, Movahedian-Attar A, Shapouri J, Poursafa P, Rouzbahani AEffect of zinc supplementation on markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation among prepubescent children with metabolic syndromeMetab Syndr Relat Disord.(2010 Dec)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Bao B, Prasad AS, Beck FW, Fitzgerald JT, Snell D, Bao GW, Singh T, Cardozo LJZinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agentAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Jun)
- Iron Absorption - Olivares M, Pizarro F, Ruz MNew insights about iron bioavailability inhibition by zincNutrition.(2007 Apr)
- Testosterone - Kilic MEffect of fatiguing bicycle exercise on thyroid hormone and testosterone levels in sedentary males supplemented with oral zincNeuro Endocrinol Lett.(2007 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Reay JL, Scholey AB, Milne A, Fenwick J, Kennedy DOPanax ginseng has no effect on indices of glucose regulation following acute or chronic ingestion in healthy volunteersBr J Nutr.(2009 Jun)
- Blood glucose - De Souza LR, Jenkins AL, Sievenpiper JL, Jovanovski E, Rahelić D, Vuksan VKorean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root fractions: differential effects on postprandial glycemia in healthy individualsJ Ethnopharmacol.(2011 Sep 1)
- Blood glucose - Jung HL, Kwak HE, Kim SS, Kim YC, Lee CD, Byurn HK, Kang HYEffects of Panax ginseng supplementation on muscle damage and inflammation after uphill treadmill running in humansAm J Chin Med.(2011)
- Blood glucose - Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey ABSingle doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activityJ Psychopharmacol.(2005 Jul)
- Blood glucose - Effects of Panax ginseng on hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.()
- Insulin - Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.()
- Weight - Kim JY, Park JY, Kang HJ, Kim OY, Lee JHBeneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialNutr J.(2012 Jul 17)
- Cortisol - E. Azizi, F. MoradiThe effect of ginseng supplementation on anabolic index, muscle strength, body composition, and testosterone and cortisol response to acute resistance exercise in male bodybuildersDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences.()
- Liver Enzymes - Meegun Hong, Yoon Hyeong Lee, Seungwoo Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Chang Seok Bang, Jai Hoon Yoon, Gwang Ho Baik, Dong Joon Kim, Myong Jo KimAnti-inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseJ Ginseng Res.(2016 Jul)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Kim HG, Yoo SR, Park HJ, Lee NH, Shin JW, Sathyanath R, Cho JH, Son CGAntioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trialFood Chem Toxicol.(2011 Sep)
- Blood glucose - Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, Cefalu WT, Ravussin E, Peterson CMEarly Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with PrediabetesCell Metab.(2018 Jun 5)
- Blood glucose - B D Horne, J B Muhlestein, D L Lappé, H T May, J F Carlquist, O Galenko, K D Brunisholz, J L AndersonRandomized cross-over trial of short-term water-only fasting: metabolic and cardiovascular consequencesNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2013 Nov)
- Insulin - Carlson O, Martin B, Stote KS, Golden E, Maudsley S, Najjar SS, Ferrucci L, Ingram DK, Longo DL, Rumpler WV, Baer DJ, Egan J, Mattson MPImpact of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction on glucose regulation in healthy, normal-weight middle-aged men and womenMetabolism.(2007 Dec)
- Weight - Stote KS, Baer DJ, Spears K, Paul DR, Harris GK, Rumpler WV, Strycula P, Najjar SS, Ferrucci L, Ingram DK, Longo DL, Mattson MPA controlled trial of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction in healthy, normal-weight, middle-aged adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Ji Eun Lee, Eunkyo Park, Jung Eun Lee, Joong Hyuck Auh, Hyung-Kyoon Choi, Jaehwi Lee, Soomuk Cho, Jung-Hyun KimEffects of a Rubus coreanus Miquel supplement on plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy Korean menNutr Res Pract.(2011 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Nieman DC, Cayea EJ, Austin MD, Henson DA, McAnulty SR, Jin FChia seed does not promote weight loss or alter disease risk factors in overweight adultsNutr Res.(2009 Jun)
- Blood glucose - Vuksan V, Jenkins AL, Dias AG, Lee AS, Jovanovski E, Rogovik AL, Hanna AReduction in postprandial glucose excursion and prolongation of satiety: possible explanation of the long-term effects of whole grain Salba (Salvia Hispanica L.)Eur J Clin Nutr.(2010 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Somaye Fatahi, Abolfazl Lari, Mojtaba Lotfi, Maryam Seifishahpar, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh, Saud K AlBatati, Abdullah M AlHossan, Sara A Alkhalifa, Sara A Alomar, Ahmed Abu-ZaidThe effect of paleolithic diet on glucose metabolism and lipid profile among patients with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2021 Jan 25)
- Blood glucose - Eric W Manheimer, Esther J van Zuuren, Zbys Fedorowicz, Hanno PijlPaleolithic nutrition for metabolic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysisAm J Clin Nutr.(2015 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Barbara Frączek, Aleksandra Pięta, Adrian Burda, Paulina Mazur-Kurach, Florentyna TyrałaPaleolithic Diet-Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?Nutrients.(2021 Mar 21)
- Weight - Ehsan Ghaedi, Mohammad Mohammadi, Hamed Mohammadi, Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie, Janmohamad Malekzadeh, Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh, Amin Salehi-AbargoueiEffects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsAdv Nutr.(2019 Jul 1)
- Blood glucose - Salbe AD, Johnston CS, Buyukbese MA, Tsitouras PD, Harman SMVinegar lacks antiglycemic action on enteral carbohydrate absorption in human subjectsNutr Res.(2009 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Johnston CS, Buller AJVinegar and peanut products as complementary foods to reduce postprandial glycemiaJ Am Diet Assoc.(2005 Dec)
- Weight - Khezri, S, et alBeneficial effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on weight management, Visceral Adiposity Index and lipid profile in overweight or obese subjects receiving restricted calorie diet: A randomized clinical trialJ. Funct. Foods.()
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Oanetta, C. Jonk, Y, Shapiro, AProspective randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact of vinegar on lipids in non-diabeticsWorld J. Cardiovasc. Dis.()
- Blood glucose - Awad S, Fearon KC, Macdonald IA, Lobo DNA randomized cross-over study of the metabolic and hormonal responses following two preoperative conditioning drinksNutrition.(2011 Sep)
- Blood glucose - Tatiana Moro, Grant Tinsley, Antonino Bianco, Giuseppe Marcolin, Quirico Francesco Pacelli, Giuseppe Battaglia, Antonio Palma, Paulo Gentil, Marco Neri, Antonio PaoliEffects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained malesJ Transl Med.(2016 Oct 13)
- Blood glucose - Szulinska M, Gibas-Dorna M, Miller-Kasprzak E, Suliburska J, Miczke A, Walczak-Gałezewska M, Stelmach-Mardas M, Walkowiak J, Bogdanski PSpirulina maxima improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and total antioxidant status in obese patients with well-treated hypertension: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studyEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.(2017 May)
- Weight - Shariat A, Farhangi M, Zeinalian RSpirulina platensis supplementation, macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), oxidative stress markers and anthropometric features in obese individuals: A randomized controlled trialJ Herb Med.()
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - Hee-Jung Park, Hyun-Sook LeeThe influence of obesity on the effects of spirulina supplementation in the human metabolic response of Korean elderlyNutr Res Pract.(2016 Aug)
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - Radhey Shyam, Som N Singh, Praveen Vats, Vijay K Singh, Rajeev Bajaj, Shashi B Singh, Pratul K BanerjeeWheat grass supplementation decreases oxidative stress in healthy subjects: a comparative study with spirulinaJ Altern Complement Med.(2007 Oct)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Park HJ, Lee YJ, Ryu HK, Kim MH, Chung HW, Kim WYA randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study to establish the effects of spirulina in elderly KoreansAnn Nutr Metab.(2008)
- Glycemic Control - Marcel AK, Ekali LG, Eugene S, Arnold OE, Sandrine ED, von der Weid D, Gbaguidi E, Ngogang J, Mbanya JCThe effect of Spirulina platensis versus soybean on insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients: a randomized pilot studyNutrients.(2011 Jul)
- Triglycerides - Patricia Victoria Torres-Durán, Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo, Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez, Rosa Patricia Hernández-Torres, Marco Antonio Juárez-OropezaEffect of Spirulina maxima on postprandial lipemia in young runners: a preliminary reportJ Med Food.(2012 Aug)
- Interleukin 6 - Sara Mohiti, Meysam Zarezadeh, Fatemeh Naeini, Helda Tutunchi, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Zohreh Ghoreishi, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi MamaghaniSpirulina supplementation and oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trialsClin Exp Pharmacol Physiol.(2021 Aug)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Kalafati M, Jamurtas AZ, Nikolaidis MG, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Sakellariou GK, Koutedakis Y, Kouretas DErgogenic and antioxidant effects of spirulina supplementation in humansMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2010 Jan)
- Blood glucose - Blakesmith SJ, Lyons-Wall PM, George C, Joannou GE, Petocz P, Samman SEffects of supplementation with purified red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on plasma lipids and insulin resistance in healthy premenopausal womenBr J Nutr.(2003 Apr)
- Glycemic Control - Lee CC, Bloem CJ, Kasa-Vubu JZ, Liang LJEffect of oral phytoestrogen on androgenicity and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal womenDiabetes Obes Metab.(2012 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Z Jenko Pražnikar, S Kenig, T Vardjan, M Černelič Bizjak, A PetelinEffects of kefir or milk supplementation on zonulin in overweight subjectsJ Dairy Sci.(2020 May)
- Blood glucose - GÖLÜNÜK, S et alEffects of traditional fermented beverages on some blood parameters in aerobic exercises.Biomedical Research.()
- Blood glucose - Muhammad S Mansour, Yu-Ming Ni, Amy L Roberts, Michael Kelleman, Arindam Roychoudhury, Marie-Pierre St-OngeGinger consumption enhances the thermic effect of food and promotes feelings of satiety without affecting metabolic and hormonal parameters in overweight men: a pilot studyMetabolism.(2012 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Ghanim H, Sia CL, Abuaysheh S, Korzeniewski K, Patnaik P, Marumganti A, Chaudhuri A, Dandona PAn antiinflammatory and reactive oxygen species suppressive effects of an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum containing resveratrolJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2010 Sep)
- Blood glucose - Reidar J Pettersen, Mohamed Salem, Jon Skorve, Rune J Ulvik, Rolf K Berge, Jan Erik NordrehaugPharmacology and safety of tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA): phase-1 studyJ Cardiovasc Pharmacol.(2008 Apr)
- Total cholesterol - Morken T, Bohov P, Skorve J, Ulvik R, Aukrust P, Berge RK, Livden JKAnti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects of the modified fatty acid tetradecylthioacetic acid in psoriasis--a pilot studyScand J Clin Lab Invest.(2011 Jul)
- Blood glucose - Gonzales-Arimborgo C, Yupanqui I, Montero E, Alarcón-Yaquetto DE, Zevallos-Concha A, Caballero L, Gasco M, Zhao J, Khan IA, Gonzales GFAcceptability, Safety, and Efficacy of Oral Administration of Extracts of Black or Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii) in Adult Human Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled StudyPharmaceuticals (Basel).(2016 Aug 18)
- Anxiety Symptoms - Brooks NA, Wilcox G, Walker KZ, Ashton JF, Cox MB, Stojanovska LBeneficial effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on psychological symptoms and measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women are not related to estrogen or androgen contentMenopause.(2008 Nov-Dec)
- Blood glucose - Ngondi JL, Oben JE, Minka SRThe effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in CameroonLipids Health Dis.(2005 May 25)
- Blood glucose - Sureda A, Córdova A, Ferrer MD, Pérez G, Tur JA, Pons AL-citrulline-malate influence over branched chain amino acid utilization during exerciseEur J Appl Physiol.(2010 Sep)
- Insulin - C Moinard, I Nicolis, N Neveux, S Darquy, S Bénazeth, L CynoberDose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the Citrudose pharmacokinetic studyBr J Nutr.(2008 Apr)
- Insulin - Thibault R, Flet L, Vavasseur F, Lemerle M, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Picot D, Darmaun DOral citrulline does not affect whole body protein metabolism in healthy human volunteers: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, cross-over studyClin Nutr.(2011 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Greer F, Hudson R, Ross R, Graham TCaffeine ingestion decreases glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in sedentary humansDiabetes.(2001 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Pizziol A, Tikhonoff V, Paleari CD, Russo E, Mazza A, Ginocchio G, Onesto C, Pavan L, Casiglia E, Pessina ACEffects of caffeine on glucose tolerance: a placebo-controlled studyEur J Clin Nutr.(1998 Nov)
- Glycemic Control - Keijzers GB, De Galan BE, Tack CJ, Smits PCaffeine can decrease insulin sensitivity in humansDiabetes Care.(2002 Feb)
- Glycemic Control - Norager CB, Jensen MB, Weimann A, Madsen MRMetabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75-year old citizens. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studyClin Endocrinol (Oxf).(2006 Aug)
- Blood Pressure - Astrup A, Toubro S, Cannon S, Hein P, Breum L, Madsen JCaffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteersAm J Clin Nutr.(1990 May)
- Cortisol - Gavrieli A, Yannakoulia M, Fragopoulou E, Margaritopoulos D, Chamberland JP, Kaisari P, Kavouras SA, Mantzoros CSCaffeinated coffee does not acutely affect energy intake, appetite, or inflammation but prevents serum cortisol concentrations from falling in healthy menJ Nutr.(2011 Apr 1)
- Cortisol - Beaven CM, Hopkins WG, Hansen KT, Wood MR, Cronin JB, Lowe TEDose effect of caffeine on testosterone and cortisol responses to resistance exerciseInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2008 Apr)
- Rate of Perceived Exertion - Hadjicharalambous M, Georgiades E, Kilduff LP, Turner AP, Tsofliou F, Pitsiladis YPInfluence of caffeine on perception of effort, metabolism and exercise performance following a high-fat mealJ Sports Sci.(2006 Aug)
- Blood glucose - Qidwai W, Hamza HB, Qureshi R, Gilani AEffectiveness, safety, and tolerability of powdered Nigella sativa (kalonji) seed in capsules on serum lipid levels, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body weight in adults: results of a randomized, double-blind controlled trialJ Altern Complement Med.(2009 Jun)
- Insulin - Jamal Hallajzadeh, Alireza Milajerdi, Moein Mobini, Elaheh Amirani, Susan Azizi, Elhameh Nikkhah, Babak Bahadori, Razieh Sheikhsoleimani, Seyyed Mehdi MirhashemiEffects of Nigella sativa on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trialsPhytother Res.(2020 Oct)
- Weight - Bin Sayeed MS, Asaduzzaman M, Morshed H, Hossain MM, Kadir MF, Rahman MRThe effect of Nigella sativa Linn. seed on memory, attention and cognition in healthy human volunteersJ Ethnopharmacol.(2013 Jul 30)
- Weight - Datau EA, Wardhana, Surachmanto EE, Pandelaki K, Langi JA, FiasEfficacy of Nigella sativa on serum free testosterone and metabolic disturbances in central obese maleActa Med Indones.(2010 Jul)
- Blood glucose - Genta S, Cabrera W, Habib N, Pons J, Carillo IM, Grau A, Sánchez SYacon syrup: beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance in humansClin Nutr.(2009 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Meydani SN, Meydani M, Rall LC, Morrow F, Blumberg JBAssessment of the safety of high-dose, short-term supplementation with vitamin E in healthy older adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(1994 Nov)
- Blood glucose - Meydani SN, Meydani M, Blumberg JB, Leka LS, Pedrosa M, Diamond R, Schaefer EJAssessment of the safety of supplementation with different amounts of vitamin E in healthy older adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(1998 Aug)
- Total cholesterol - Rasool AH, Yuen KH, Yusoff K, Wong AR, Rahman ARDose dependent elevation of plasma tocotrienol levels and its effect on arterial compliance, plasma total antioxidant status, and lipid profile in healthy humans supplemented with tocotrienol rich vitamin EJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2006 Dec)
- Total cholesterol - P M Farrell, J G BieriMegavitamin E supplementation in manAm J Clin Nutr.(1975 Dec)
- Total cholesterol - Tsai AC, Kelley JJ, Peng B, Cook NStudy on the effect of megavitamin E supplementation in manAm J Clin Nutr.(1978 May)
- Liver Enzymes - Kitagawa M, Mino MEffects of elevated d-alpha(RRR)-tocopherol dosage in manJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(1989 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Harris CB, Chowanadisai W, Mishchuk DO, Satre MA, Slupsky CM, Rucker RBDietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alters indicators of inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism in human subjectsJ Nutr Biochem.(2013 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Abdel-Barry JA, Abdel-Hassan IA, Jawad AM, al-Hakiem MHHypoglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum in healthy volunteersEast Mediterr Health J.(2000 Jan)
- Insulin - Brandon Bushey, Lem W. Taylor, Colin W. Wilborn, Chris Poole, Cliffa A. Foster, Bill Campbell, Richard B. Kreider, Darryn S. WilloughbyFenugreek Extract Supplementation Has No effect on the Hormonal Profile of Resitance-Trained MalesInternational Journal of Exercise Science.()
- Blood glucose - Kim JH, Jung WS, Choi NJ, Kim DO, Shin DH, Kim YJHealth-promoting effects of bovine colostrum in Type 2 diabetic patients can reduce blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and ketonesJ Nutr Biochem.(2009 Apr)
- Weight - Buckley JD, Brinkworth GD, Abbott MJEffect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor IJ Sports Sci.(2003 Jul)
- Cortisol - Shing CM, Peake JM, Suzuki K, Jenkins DG, Coombes JSA pilot study: bovine colostrum supplementation and hormonal and autonomic responses to competitive cyclingJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2013 Oct)
- Intestinal Permeability - Playford RJ, MacDonald CE, Calnan DP, Floyd DN, Podas T, Johnson W, Wicks AC, Bashir O, Marchbank TCo-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced increase in intestinal permeabilityClin Sci (Lond).(2001 Jun)
- Blood glucose - Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes BNo effect of bicarbonate treatment on insulin sensitivity and glucose control in non-diabetic older adultsEndocrine.(2010 Oct)
- Insulin - Smellie WS, O'Donnell J, Davidson H, Couper J, Logue FCEffects of changes in acid base and calcium concentration on fasting serum insulin, proinsulin, and glucose concentrationsJ Clin Pathol.(1994 Nov)
- Weight - R Gougeon-Reyburn, E B MarlissEffects of sodium bicarbonate on nitrogen metabolism and ketone bodies during very low energy protein diets in obese subjectsMetabolism.(1989 Dec)
- Glycemic Control - Schoppen S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Pérez-Granados M, Gómez-Gerique JA, Sarriá B, Navas-Carretero S, Pilar Vaquero MDoes bicarbonated mineral water rich in sodium change insulin sensitivity of postmenopausal womenNutr Hosp.(2007 Sep-Oct)
- Fat Oxidation - Smith GI, Jeukendrup AE, Ball DSodium acetate induces a metabolic alkalosis but not the increase in fatty acid oxidation observed following bicarbonate ingestion in humansJ Nutr.(2007 Jul)
- Blood Acidity - V L Hood, U Keller, M W Haymond, D KürySystemic pH modifies ketone body production rates and lipolysis in humansAm J Physiol.(1990 Sep)
- Blood Acidity - Price MJ, Singh MTime course of blood bicarbonate and pH three hours after sodium bicarbonate ingestionInt J Sports Physiol Perform.(2008 Jun)
- Blood Acidity - Robergs R, Hutchinson K, Hendee S, Madden S, Siegler JInfluence of pre-exercise acidosis and alkalosis on the kinetics of acid-base recovery following intense exerciseInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2005 Feb)
- Blood Acidity - Bishop D, Edge J, Davis C, Goodman CInduced metabolic alkalosis affects muscle metabolism and repeated-sprint abilityMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2004 May)
- Blood glucose - Morgan TM, Crawford L, Stoller A, Toth D, Yeo KT, Baron JAAcute effects of nicotine on serum glucose insulin growth hormone and cortisol in healthy smokersMetabolism.(2004 May)
- Glycemic Control - Axelsson T, Jansson PA, Smith U, Eliasson BNicotine infusion acutely impairs insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients but not in healthy subjectsJ Intern Med.(2001 Jun)
- Blood glucose - Jabłecka A, Bogdański P, Balcer N, Cieślewicz A, Skołuda A, Musialik KThe effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on fasting glucose, HbA1c, nitric oxide and total antioxidant status in diabetic patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease of lower extremitiesEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.(2012 Mar)
- Insulin - Isidori A, Lo Monaco A, Cappa MA study of growth hormone release in man after oral administration of amino acidsCurr Med Res Opin.(1981)
- Growth Hormone - Collier SR, Casey DP, Kanaley JAGrowth hormone responses to varying doses of oral arginineGrowth Horm IGF Res.(2005 Apr)
- Nitric Oxide - Liu TH, Wu CL, Chiang CW, Lo YW, Tseng HF, Chang CKNo effect of short-term arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production, metabolism and performance in intermittent exercise in athletesJ Nutr Biochem.(2009 Jun)
- Blood glucose - Hajieh Shahbazian, Armaghan Moravej Aleali, Reza Amani, Foroogh Namjooyan, Bahman Cheraghian, Seyed Mahmoud Latifi, Sara Bahrainian, Ataallah GhadiriEffects of saffron on homocysteine, and antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind clinical trialAvicenna J Phytomed.(Sep-Oct 2019)
- Insulin - Mohammad Zamani, Mahtab Zarei, Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz, Fatemeh Gholami, Amir Mehdi Hosseini, Maryam Nadery, Farideh Shiraseb, Omid AsbaghiThe effects of saffron supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysisFront Nutr.(2022 Dec 8)
- Weight - Jamal Rahmani, Nicla Manzari, Jacqueline Thompson, Cain C T Clark, Gemma Villanueva, Hamed Kord Varkaneh, Parvin MirmiranThe effect of saffron on weight and lipid profile: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response of randomized clinical trialsPhytother Res.(2019 Sep)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Amir Ghaderi, Omid Asbaghi, Željko Reiner, Fariba Kolahdooz, Elaheh Amirani, Hamed Mirzaei, Hamid Reza Banafshe, Parisa Maleki Dana, Zatollah AsemiThe effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on mental health parameters and C-reactive protein: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trialsComplement Ther Med.(2020 Jan)
- LDL Oxidation - S K Verma, A BordiaAntioxidant property of Saffron in manIndian J Med Sci.(1998 May)
- Depression Symptoms - Omid Asbaghi, Sepideh Soltani, Noushin Norouzi, Alireza Milajerdi, Saeed Choobkar, Zatollah AsemiThe effect of saffron supplementation on blood glucose and lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsComplement Ther Med.(2019 Dec)
- Blood glucose - Riche DM, McEwen CL, Riche KD, Sherman JJ, Wofford MR, Deschamp D, Griswold MAnalysis of safety from a human clinical trial with pterostilbeneJ Toxicol.(2013)
- Blood glucose - Castilla P, Echarri R, Dávalos A, Cerrato F, Ortega H, Teruel JL, Lucas MF, Gómez-Coronado D, Ortuño J, Lasunción MAConcentrated red grape juice exerts antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antiinflammatory effects in both hemodialysis patients and healthy subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(2006 Jul)
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - O'Byrne DJ, Devaraj S, Grundy SM, Jialal IComparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(2002 Dec)
- Immunity - Rowe CA, Nantz MP, Nieves C Jr, West RL, Percival SSRegular consumption of concord grape juice benefits human immunityJ Med Food.(2011 Jan-Feb)
- Blood glucose - Li J, Zie FEffects of tyrosine supplementation ration on anaerobic sports capacity and plasma catecholamine levels in soccer athletesBiomed Res.()
- Blood Pressure - James A Lang, Alex C Krajek, Kelsey S Schwartz, Joel E RandOral L-Tyrosine Supplementation Improves Core Temperature Maintenance in Older AdultsMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2020 Apr)
- Blood Pressure - James A Lang, Kevin A SmallerOral l-tyrosine supplementation augments the vasoconstriction response to whole-body cooling in older adultsExp Physiol.(2017 Jul 1)
- Blood Pressure - C R Benedict, G H Anderson, M J SoleThe influence of oral tyrosine and tryptophan feeding on plasma catecholamines in manAm J Clin Nutr.(1983 Sep)
- Noradrenaline - D D Rasmussen, B Ishizuka, M E Quigley, S S YenEffects of tyrosine and tryptophan ingestion on plasma catecholamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrationsJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(1983 Oct)
- Blood glucose - Hyung Jin Choi, MD, Juyoun Yu, BS, Hosanna Choi, BS, Jee Hyun An, MD, Sang Wan Kim, MD, PHD, Kyong Soo Park, MD, PHD, Hak C. Jang, MD, PHD, Seong Yeon Kim, MD, PHD and Chan Soo Shin, MD, PHDVitamin K2 Supplementation Improves Insulin Sensitivity via Osteocalcin Metabolism: A Placebo-Controlled Trial2011.()
- Insulin - Sakamoto N, Nishiike T, Iguchi H, Sakamoto KPossible effects of one week vitamin K (menaquinone-4) tablets intake on glucose tolerance in healthy young male volunteers with different descarboxy prothrombin levelsClin Nutr.(2000 Aug)
- Weight - Shea MK, Dallal GE, Dawson-Hughes B, Ordovas JM, O'Donnell CJ, Gundberg CM, Peterson JW, Booth SLVitamin K, circulating cytokines, and bone mineral density in older men and womenAm J Clin Nutr.(2008 Aug)
- Blood glucose - Douglas S. Kaiman, Carlon M. Colker, Melissa A. Swain, Georgeann C. Torina, Qiuhu ShiA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone in healthy overweight adultsCurrent Therapeutic Research.()
- Blood glucose - Débora Villaño, Monia Pecorari, Maria Francesca Testa, Anna Raguzzini, Angelique Stalmach, Alan Crozier, Claudio Tubili, Mauro SerafiniUnfermented and fermented rooibos teas (Aspalathus linearis) increase plasma total antioxidant capacity in healthy humansFood Chemistry.()
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Till Breitera, Christian Laueb, Gaby Kressel, Stephanie Gröll, Ulrich H. Engelhardt, Andreas HahnBioavailability and antioxidant potential of rooibos flavonoids in humans following the consumption of different rooibos formulationsFood Chemistry.()
- Blood glucose - Papadaki A, Nolen-Doerr E, Mantzoros CSThe Effect of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials in Adults.Nutrients.(2020-Oct-30)
- Insulin - Carter P, Achana F, Troughton J, Gray LJ, Khunti K, Davies MJA Mediterranean diet improves HbA1c but not fasting blood glucose compared to alternative dietary strategies: a network meta-analysis.J Hum Nutr Diet.(2014-Jun)
- Weight - Long Ge, Behnam Sadeghirad, Geoff D C Ball, Bruno R da Costa, Christine L Hitchcock, Anton Svendrovski, Ruhi Kiflen, Kalimullah Quadri, Henry Y Kwon, Mohammad Karamouzian, Thomasin Adams-Webber, Waleed Ahmed, Samah Damanhoury, Dena Zeraatkar, Adriani Nikolakopoulou, Ross T Tsuyuki, Jinhui Tian, Kehu Yang, Gordon H Guyatt, Bradley C JohnstonComparison of Dietary Macronutrient Patterns of 14 Popular Named Dietary Programmes for Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Reduction in Adults: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised TrialsBMJ.(2020 Apr 1)
- Weight - Olubukola Ajala, Patrick English, Jonathan PinkneySystematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetesAm J Clin Nutr.(2013 Mar)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Kastorini, C.M., et al.The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individualsJ Am Coll Cardiol.(2011-03-15)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Garcia M, Bihuniak JD, Shook J, Kenny A, Kerstetter J, Huedo-Medina TBThe Effect of the Traditional Mediterranean-Style Diet on Metabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2016-Mar-15)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Neale, E., et al.Consumption of a healthy dietary pattern results in significant reductions in C-reactive protein levels in adults: a meta-analysisNutr Res.(2016-05-01)
- Blood glucose - Koncz D, Tóth B, Bahar MA, Roza O, Csupor DThe Safety and Efficacy of (Bitter Orange) Extracts and -Synephrine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2022-Sep-28)
- Blood Pressure - Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Keith SC, Keith PL, Miller H, Kaats GREffects of p-synephrine alone and in combination with selected bioflavonoids on resting metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate and self-reported mood changesInt J Med Sci.(2011 Apr 28)
- Blood Pressure - Kaats GR, Miller H, Preuss HG, Stohs SJA 60day double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract.Food Chem Toxicol.(2013-May)
- Hematocrit - Bush JA, Ratamess NA, Stohs SJ, Ellis NL, Vought IT, O'Grady EA, Kuper JD, Kang J, Faigenbaum ADAcute hematological and mood perception effects of bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study.Phytother Res.(2018-Aug)
- Blood glucose - Malekahmadi M, Moradi Moghaddam O, Firouzi S, Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara R, Shariful Islam SM, Norouzy A, Soltani SEffects of pycnogenol on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pharmacol Res.(2019-Dec)
- Inflammation - Tanja Grimm, Zuzana Chovanová, Jana Muchová, Katarína Sumegová, Anna Liptáková, Zdeňka Ďuračková and Petra HöggerInhibition of NF-κB activation and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol)Journal of Inflammation.()
- Blood glucose - Rust BM, Riordan JO, Carbonero FG, Solverson PMOne-Week Elderberry Juice Treatment Increases Carbohydrate Oxidation after a Meal Tolerance Test and Is Well Tolerated in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.Nutrients.(2023-Apr-25)
- Blood glucose - Zurbau A, Noronha JC, Khan TA, Sievenpiper JL, Wolever TMSThe effect of oat β-glucan on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eur J Clin Nutr.(2021 Nov)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - de Morais Junior AC, Schincaglia RM, Viana RB, Armet AM, Prado CM, Walter J, Mota JFThe separate effects of whole oats and isolated beta-glucan on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2023 Feb)
- Insulin - Daniel L Smith, Rebecca L Hanson, Stephanie L Dickinson, Xiwei Chen, Amy M Goss, John B Cleek, W Timothy Garvey, David B AllisonFrench-fried potatoes consumption and energy balance: a randomized controlled trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2022 Feb 18)
- Insulin - E A Johnston, K S Petersen, P M Kris-EthertonDaily intake of non-fried potato does not affect markers of glycaemia and is associated with better diet quality compared with refined grains: a randomised, crossover study in healthy adultsBr J Nutr.(2020 May 14)
- Weight - Siew Ling Tey, Rachel Brown, Andrew Gray, Alexandra Chisholm, Conor DelahuntyNuts improve diet quality compared to other energy-dense snacks while maintaining body weightJ Nutr Metab.(2011)
- Insulin - Hana Kahleova, James McCann, Jihad Alwarith, Emilie Rembert, Andrea Tura, Richard Holubkov, Neal D BarnardA plant-based diet in overweight adults in a 16-week randomized clinical trial: The role of dietary acid loadClin Nutr ESPEN.(2021 Aug)
- Insulin - Hana Kahleova, Andrea Tura, Martin Hill, Richard Holubkov, Neal D BarnardA Plant-Based Dietary Intervention Improves Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Adults: A 16-Week Randomized Clinical TrialNutrients.(2018 Feb 9)
- Weight - Neal D Barnard, Jihad Alwarith, Emilie Rembert, Liz Brandon, Minh Nguyen, Andrea Goergen, Taylor Horne, Gabriel F do Nascimento, Kundanika Lakkadi, Andrea Tura, Richard Holubkov, Hana KahleovaA Mediterranean Diet and Low-Fat Vegan Diet to Improve Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized, Cross-over TrialJ Am Coll Nutr.(2021 Feb 5)
- Weight - Hana Kahleova, Kitt Falk Petersen, Gerald I Shulman, Jihad Alwarith, Emilie Rembert, Andrea Tura, Martin Hill, Richard Holubkov, Neal D BarnardEffect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical TrialJAMA Netw Open.(2020 Nov 2)
- Apolipoprotein B - Li SS, Blanco Mejia S, Lytvyn L, Stewart SE, Viguiliouk E, Ha V, de Souza RJ, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JLEffect of Plant Protein on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsJ Am Heart Assoc.(2017 Dec 20)
- Apolipoprotein B - Rami S Najjar, Carolyn E Moore, Baxter D MontgomeryConsumption of a defined, plant-based diet reduces lipoprotein(a), inflammation, and other atherogenic lipoproteins and particles within 4 weeksClin Cardiol.(2018 Aug)
- Blood Pressure - Richard J Bloomer, Trint A Gunnels, JohnHenry M SchrieferComparison of a Restricted and Unrestricted Vegan Diet Plan with a Restricted Omnivorous Diet Plan on Health-Specific MeasuresHealthcare (Basel).(2015 Jul 14)
- Insulin - Mitri J, Dawson-Hughes B, Hu FB, Pittas AGEffects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on pancreatic β cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia in adults at high risk of diabetes: the Calcium and Vitamin D for Diabetes Mellitus (CaDDM) randomized controlled trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2011 Aug)
- HbA1c - Kositsawat J, Freeman VL, Gerber BS, Geraci SAssociation of A1C levels with vitamin D status in U.S. adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyDiabetes Care.(2010 Jun)
- Insulin - H-M Lehtonen, R Järvinen, K Linderborg, M Viitanen, M Venojärvi, H Alanko, H KallioPostprandial hyperglycemia and insulin response are affected by sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) berry and its ethanol-soluble metabolitesEur J Clin Nutr.(2010 Dec)
- Insulin - Angela R Hillman, Bryna C R ChrismasThirty Days of Montmorency Tart Cherry Supplementation Has No Effect on Gut Microbiome Composition, Inflammation, or Glycemic Control in Healthy AdultsFront Nutr.(2021 Sep 16)
- Insulin - Shams-Rad S, Mohammadi M, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Zarei S, Mohsenpour M, Salehi-Abargouei AHesperidin supplementation has no effect on blood glucose control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Br J Clin Pharmacol.(2020-Jan)
- Insulin - Khorasanian AS, Fateh ST, Gholami F, Rasaei N, Gerami H, Khayyatzadeh SS, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi OThe effects of hesperidin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Front Nutr.(2023)
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - Buzdağlı Y, Eyipınar CD, Kacı FN, Tekin AEffects of hesperidin on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response in healthy people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.Int J Environ Health Res.(2022-Jun-28)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Miwa Y, Mitsuzumi H, Sunayama T, Yamada M, Okada K, Kubota M, Chaen H, Mishima Y, Kibata MGlucosyl hesperidin lowers serum triglyceride level in hypertriglyceridemic subjects through the improvement of very low-density lipoprotein metabolic abnormalityJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2005 Dec)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Lorzadeh E, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Mohammadi M, Khoshbakht Y, Salehi-Abargouei AThe effect of hesperidin supplementation on inflammatory markers in human adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Chem Biol Interact.(2019-Jul-01)
- Insulin - Hayley L Loftus, Katie J Astell, Michael L Mathai, Xiao Q SuColeus forskohlii Extract Supplementation in Conjunction with a Hypocaloric Diet Reduces the Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled TrialNutrients.(2015 Nov 17)
- Weight - Henderson S, Magu B, Rasmussen C, Lancaster S, Kerksick C, Smith P, Melton C, Cowan P, Greenwood M, Earnest C, Almada A, Milnor P, Magrans T, Bowden R, Ounpraseuth S, Thomas A, Kreider RBEffects of coleus forskohlii supplementation on body composition and hematological profiles in mildly overweight womenJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2005 Dec 9)
- Insulin - Brown TJ, Brainard J, Song F, Wang X, Abdelhamid A, Hooper L, Omega-3, omega-6, and total dietary polyunsaturated fat for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ.(2019-Aug-21)
- Insulin - Asbaghi O, Ashtary-Larky D, Bagheri R, Moosavian SP, Olyaei HP, Nazarian B, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Wong A, Candow DG, Dutheil F, Suzuki K, Alavi Naeini AFolic Acid Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control for Diabetes Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients.(2021-Jul-09)
- Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) - Asbaghi O, Ghanavati M, Ashtary-Larky D, Bagheri R, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Nazarian B, Nordvall M, Wong A, Dutheil F, Suzuki K, Alavi Naeini AEffects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Antioxidants (Basel).(2021-May-28)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Asbaghi O, Ashtary-Larky D, Bagheri R, Nazarian B, Pourmirzaei Olyaei H, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Nordvall M, Wong A, Dutheil F, Naeini AABeneficial effects of folic acid supplementation on lipid markers in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from 21,787 participants in 34 randomized controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2022)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Zargarzadeh N, Severo JS, Pizarro AB, Persad E, Mousavi SMThe Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Pro-inflammatory Mediators: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clin Ther.(2021-Dec)
- Apolipoprotein A - Stine M Ulven, Bente Kirkhus, Amandine Lamglait, Samar Basu, Elisabeth Elind, Trond Haider, Kjetil Berge, Hogne Vik, Jan I PedersenMetabolic effects of krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA, in healthy volunteersLipids.(2011 Jan)
- Weight - Hackman RM, Havel PJ, Schwartz HJ, Rutledge JC, Watnik MR, Noceti EM, Stohs SJ, Stern JS, Keen CLMultinutrient supplement containing ephedra and caffeine causes weight loss and improves metabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled trialInt J Obes (Lond).(2006 Oct)
- Weight - Bogacka I, Gettys TW, de Jonge L, Nguyen T, Smith JM, Xie H, Greenway F, Smith SRThe effect of beta-adrenergic and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma stimulation on target genes related to lipid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissueDiabetes Care.(2007 May)
- Metabolic Rate - Dulloo AG, Miller DSThe thermogenic properties of ephedrine/methylxanthine mixtures: human studiesInt J Obes.(1986)
- Weight - Stanko RT, Tietze DL, Arch JEBody composition, energy utilization, and nitrogen metabolism with a 4.25-MJ/d low-energy diet supplemented with pyruvateAm J Clin Nutr.(1992 Oct)
- Weight - Thom EThe effect of chlorogenic acid enriched coffee on glucose absorption in healthy volunteers and its effect on body mass when used long-term in overweight and obese peopleJ Int Med Res.(2007 Nov-Dec)
- Weight - Castañer O, Covas MI, Khymenets O, Nyyssonen K, Konstantinidou V, Zunft HF, de la Torre R, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Vila J, Fitó MProtection of LDL from oxidation by olive oil polyphenols is associated with a downregulation of CD40-ligand expression and its downstream products in vivo in humansAm J Clin Nutr.(2012 May)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Marrugat J, Covas MI, Fitó M, Schröder H, Miró-Casas E, Gimeno E, López-Sabater MC, de la Torre R, Farré M; SOLOS InvestigatorsEffects of differing phenolic content in dietary olive oils on lipids and LDL oxidation--a randomized controlled trialEur J Nutr.(2004 Jun)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Weinbrenner T, Fitó M, de la Torre R, Saez GT, Rijken P, Tormos C, Coolen S, Albaladejo MF, Abanades S, Schroder H, Marrugat J, Covas MIOlive oils high in phenolic compounds modulate oxidative/antioxidative status in menJ Nutr.(2004 Sep)
- LDL Oxidation - Covas MI, de la Torre K, Farré-Albaladejo M, Kaikkonen J, Fitó M, López-Sabater C, Pujadas-Bastardes MA, Joglar J, Weinbrenner T, Lamuela-Raventós RM, de la Torre RPostprandial LDL phenolic content and LDL oxidation are modulated by olive oil phenolic compounds in humansFree Radic Biol Med.(2006 Feb 15)
- Weight - Sharma P, Jha J, Shrinivas V, Dwivedi LK, Suresh P, Sinha MShilajit: evalution of its effects on blood chemistry of normal human subjectsAnc Sci Life.(2003 Oct)
- Weight - Darryn S. Willoughby, Brian Leutholtzd-Aspartic acid supplementation combined with 28 days of heavy resistance training has no effect on body composition, muscle strength, and serum hormones associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in resistance-trained menNutrition Research.()
- Testosterone - Melville GW, Siegler JC, Marshall PWThree and six grams supplementation of d-aspartic acid in resistance trained menJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2015 Apr 1)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Jing Guo, Hongdong Chen, Xueqin Zhang, Wenjiao Lou, Pingna Zhang, Yuheng Qiu, Chao Zhang, Yaoxian Wang, Wei Jing LiuThe Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsOxid Med Cell Longev.(2021 Dec 15)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Ye Y, Liu X, Wu N, Han Y, Wang J, Yu Y, Chen QEfficacy and Safety of Berberine Alone for Several Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Front Pharmacol.(2021)
- Total cholesterol - Xie L, Zhang D, Ma H, He H, Xia Q, Shen W, Chang H, Deng Y, Wu Q, Cong J, Wang CC, Wu XThe Effect of Berberine on Reproduction and Metabolism in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2019)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Avci A, Atli T, Ergüder IB, Varli M, Devrim E, Aras S, Durak IEffects of garlic consumption on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in elderly subjectsGerontology.(2008)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Phelps S, Harris WSGarlic supplementation and lipoprotein oxidation susceptibilityLipids.(1993 May)
- Nitric Oxide - Mau Bhattacharyya, G V Girish, Soumendra K Karmohapatra, S A Samad, Asru K SinhaSystemic production of IFN-alpha by garlic (Allium sativum) in humansJ Interferon Cytokine Res.(2007 May)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Vigna GB, Costantini F, Aldini G, Carini M, Catapano A, Schena F, Tangerini A, Zanca R, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P, Mezzetti A, Fellin R, Maffei Facino REffect of a standardized grape seed extract on low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation in heavy smokersMetabolism.(2003 Oct)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - S L Nuttall, M J Kendall, E Bombardelli, P MorazzoniAn evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a standardized grape seed extract, LeucoselectJ Clin Pharm Ther.(1998 Oct)
- Food Intake - Vogels N, Nijs IM, Westerterp-Plantenga MSThe effect of grape-seed extract on 24 h energy intake in humansEur J Clin Nutr.(2004 Apr)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Ursula S Schwab, James C Callaway, Arja T Erkkilä, Jukka Gynther, Matti I J Uusitupa, Tomi JärvinenEffects of hempseed and flaxseed oils on the profile of serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic factorsEur J Nutr.(2006 Dec)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Wachtel-Galor S, Tomlinson B, Benzie IFGanoderma lucidum ("Lingzhi"), a Chinese medicinal mushroom: biomarker responses in a controlled human supplementation studyBr J Nutr.(2004 Feb)
- Proteinuria - Futrakul N, Panichakul T, Butthep P, Futrakul P, Jetanalin P, Patumraj S, Siriviriyakul PGanoderma lucidum suppresses endothelial cell cytotoxicity and proteinuria in persistent proteinuric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) nephrosisClin Hemorheol Microcirc.(2004)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Kempf K, Herder C, Erlund I, Kolb H, Martin S, Carstensen M, Koenig W, Sundvall J, Bidel S, Kuha S, Tuomilehto JEffects of coffee consumption on subclinical inflammation and other risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a clinical trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Apr)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Yuan G, Sinclair AJ, Xu C, Li DIncorporation and metabolism of punicic acid in healthy young humansMol Nutr Food Res.(2009 Oct)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Todorovic N, Fernández-Landa J, Santibañez A, Kura B, Stajer V, Korovljev D, Ostojic SMThe Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Blood Lipid Profiles in Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel).(2023 Jan 18)
- Total cholesterol - Piotr Duchnowicz, Agmieszka Nowicka, Maria Koter-Michalak, Marlena BroncelIn vivo influence of extract from Aronia melanocarpa on the erythrocyte membranes in patients with hypercholesterolemiaMed Sci Monit.(2012 Sep)
- HbA1c - Coleman MD, Fernandes S, Khanderia LA preliminary evaluation of a novel method to monitor a triple antioxidant combination (vitamins E, C and α-lipoic acid) in diabetic volunteers using in vitro methaemoglobin formationEnviron Toxicol Pharmacol.(2003 Jun)
- Blood Pressure - Sharman JE, Gunaruwan P, Knez WL, Schmitt M, Marsh SA, Wilson GR, Cockcroft JR, Coombes JSAlpha-lipoic acid does not acutely affect resistance and conduit artery function or oxidative stress in healthy menBr J Clin Pharmacol.(2004 Sep)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Jariwalla RJ, Lalezari J, Cenko D, Mansour SE, Kumar A, Gangapurkar B, Nakamura DRestoration of blood total glutathione status and lymphocyte function following alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in patients with HIV infectionJ Altern Complement Med.(2008 Mar)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Martins VD, Manfredini V, Peralba MC, Benfato MSAlpha-lipoic acid modifies oxidative stress parameters in sickle cell trait subjects and sickle cell patientsClin Nutr.(2009 Apr)
- Glycemic Control - Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, Rossetti L, Shamoon HOral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjectsDiabetes.(1996 May)
- Triglycerides - Verhoeven MO, Teerlink T, Kenemans P, Zuijdgeest-van Leeuwen SD, van der Mooren MJEffects of a supplement containing isoflavones and Actaea racemosa L. on asymmetric dimethylarginine, lipids, and C-reactive protein in menopausal womenFertil Steril.(2007 Apr)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Naghii MR, Mofid M, Asgari AR, Hedayati M, Daneshpour MSComparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokinesJ Trace Elem Med Biol.(2011 Jan)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Federico Soriguer, Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso, Elehazara Rubio-Martin, Francisca Linares, Isabel Cardona, Jaime López-Ojeda, Marta Pacheco, Stella González-Romero, Maria J Garriga, Ines Velasco, Piedad Santiago, Eduardo García-FuentesIodine intakes of 100-300 μg/d do not modify thyroid function and have modest anti-inflammatory effectsBr J Nutr.(2011 Jun 28)
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone - Gardner DF, Centor RM, Utiger RDEffects of low dose oral iodide supplementation on thyroid function in normal menClin Endocrinol (Oxf).(1988 Mar)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Tavares NR, Moreira PA, Amaral TFRiboflavin supplementation and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in the elderlyJ Nutr Health Aging.(2009 May)
- Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile - Naghashpour M, Majdinasab N, Shakerinejad G, Kouchak M, Haghighizadeh MH, Jarvandi F, Hajinajaf SRiboflavin supplementation to patients with multiple sclerosis does not improve disability status nor is riboflavin supplementation correlated to homocysteineInt J Vitam Nutr Res.(2013)
- Homocysteine - McKinley MC, McNulty H, McPartlin J, Strain JJ, Scott JMEffect of riboflavin supplementation on plasma homocysteine in elderly people with low riboflavin statusEur J Clin Nutr.(2002 Sep)
- Homocysteine - McNulty H, Dowey le RC, Strain JJ, Dunne A, Ward M, Molloy AM, McAnena LB, Hughes JP, Hannon-Fletcher M, Scott JMRiboflavin lowers homocysteine in individuals homozygous for the MTHFR 677C->T polymorphismCirculation.(2006 Jan 3)
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - Kassis AN, Jones PJChanges in cholesterol kinetics following sugar cane policosanol supplementation: a randomized control trialLipids Health Dis.(2008 Apr 30)
- LDL Oxidation - Menéndez R, Más R, Amor AM, González RM, Fernández JC, Rodeiro I, Zayas M, Jiménez SEffects of policosanol treatment on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from healthy volunteers to oxidative modification in vitroBr J Clin Pharmacol.(2000 Sep)
- Interleukin 6 - Abbey EL, Rankin JWEffect of quercetin supplementation on repeated-sprint performance, xanthine oxidase activity, and inflammationInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2011 Apr)
- Intestinal Permeability - Kuennen M, Gillum T, Dokladny K, Bedrick E, Schneider S, Moseley PThermotolerance and heat acclimation may share a common mechanism in humansAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.(2011 Aug)
- Interleukin 6 - Lin C, et alRhodiola rosea does not reduce in vivo inflammatory activity after continuous endurance exerciseSCI SPORT.()
- Blood Pressure - Wing SL, Askew EW, Luetkemeier MJ, Ryujin DT, Kamimori GH, Grissom CKLack of effect of Rhodiola or oxygenated water supplementation on hypoxemia and oxidative stressWilderness Environ Med.(2003 Spring)
- Body Fat - Roberts MD, Iosia M, Kerksick CM, Taylor LW, Campbell B, Wilborn CD, Harvey T, Cooke M, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Wilson R, Jitomir J, Willoughby D, Kreider RBEffects of arachidonic acid supplementation on training adaptations in resistance-trained malesJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2007 Nov 28)
- Blood Pressure - Lee SH, Kang HJ, Lee HJ, Kang MH, Park YKSix-week supplementation with Chlorella has favorable impact on antioxidant status in Korean male smokersNutrition.(2010 Feb)
- Cortisol - Kokubo T, Ikeshima E, Kirisako T, Miura Y, Horiuchi M, Tsuda AA randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled crossover trial on the effects of L-ornithine on salivary cortisol and feelings of fatigue of flushers the morning after alcohol consumptionBiopsychosoc Med.(2013 Feb 18)
- Cortisol - L E Hollister, F Moore, S Kanter, E Noble1 -tetrahydrocannabinol, synhexyl and marijuana extract administered orally in man: catecholamine excretion, plasma cortisol levels and platelet serotonin contentPsychopharmacologia.(1970)
- Heart Rate - C W Zwillich, R Doekel, S Hammill, J V WeilThe effects of smoked marijuana on metabolism and respiratory controlAm Rev Respir Dis.(1978 Nov)
- Leptin - Mehdi Farokhnia, Gray R McDiarmid, Matthew N Newmeyer, Vikas Munjal, Osama A Abulseoud, Marilyn A Huestis, Lorenzo LeggioEffects of oral, smoked, and vaporized cannabis on endocrine pathways related to appetite and metabolism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, human laboratory studyTransl Psychiatry.(2020 Feb 19)
- Prolactin - J H Mendelson, J Ellingboe, N K MelloAcute effects of natural and synthetic cannabis compounds on prolactin levels in human malesPharmacol Biochem Behav.(1984 Jan)
- Cortisol - C Barletta, M Sellini, A Bartoli, C Bigi, R Buzzetti, C Giovannini[Influence of administration of pyridoxine on circadian rhythm of plasma ACTH, cortisol prolactin and somatotropin in normal subjects]Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper.(1984 Feb 28)
- Cortisol - Panossian AG, Oganessian AS, Ambartsumian M, Gabrielian ES, Wagner H, Wikman GEffects of heavy physical exercise and adaptogens on nitric oxide content in human salivaPhytomedicine.(1999 Mar)
- Cortisol - Parker AG, Gordon J, Thornton A, Byars A, Lubker J, Bartlett M, Byrd M, Oliver J, Simbo S, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Kreider RBThe effects of IQPLUS Focus on cognitive function, mood and endocrine response before and following acute exerciseJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2011 Oct 21)
- Heart Rate - Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira HL-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responsesBiol Psychol.(2007 Jan)
- Liver Enzymes - Jennifer E Hofheins, Scott M Habowski, Tim N Ziegenfuss, and Hector L LopezShort term safety of bulbine natalensis supplementation in healthy menJISSN.()
- Hemoglobin - Fernández-Gaxiola AC, De-Regil LMIntermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating womenCochrane Database Syst Rev.(2019 Jan 31)
- Hemoglobin - Andersen CT, Marsden DM, Duggan CP, Liu E, Mozaffarian D, Fawzi WWOral iron supplementation and anaemia in children according to schedule, duration, dose and cosupplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 randomised trials.BMJ Glob Health.(2023-Feb)
- Hemoglobin - Fischer JAJ, Cherian AM, Bone JN, Karakochuk CDThe effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate supplementation on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Rev.(2023-Jul-10)
- Hemoglobin - Silva Neto LGR, Santos Neto JED, Bueno NB, de Oliveira SL, Ataide TDREffects of iron supplementation versus dietary iron on the nutritional iron status: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2019)
- White Blood Cell Count - Y Sheng, C Bryngelsson, R W PeroEnhanced DNA repair, immune function and reduced toxicity of C-MED-100, a novel aqueous extract from Uncaria tomentosaJ Ethnopharmacol.(2000 Feb)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Jennifer Mier-Cabrera, Mercedes Genera-García, Julio De la Jara-Díaz, Otilia Perichart-Perera, Felipe Vadillo-Ortega, Cesar Hernández-GuerreroEffect of vitamins C and E supplementation on peripheral oxidative stress markers and pregnancy rate in women with endometriosisInt J Gynaecol Obstet.(2008 Mar)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Frank T, Netzel G, Kammerer DR, Carle R, Kler A, Kriesl E, Bitsch I, Bitsch R, Netzel MConsumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract and its impact on systemic antioxidant potential in healthy subjectsJ Sci Food Agric.(2012 Aug 15)
- Inflammation - R Beltrán-Debón, C Alonso-Villaverde, G Aragonès, I Rodríguez-Medina, A Rull, V Micol, A Segura-Carretero, A Fernández-Gutiérrez, J Camps, J JovenThe aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calices modulates the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in humansPhytomedicine.(2010 Mar)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Zeraatpishe A, Oryan S, Bagheri MH, Pilevarian AA, Malekirad AA, Baeeri M, Abdollahi MEffects of Melissa officinalis L. on oxidative status and DNA damage in subjects exposed to long-term low-dose ionizing radiationToxicol Ind Health.(2011 Apr)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Ruth L T Matsumoto, Deborah H M Bastos, Simone Mendonça, Valéria S Nunes, Waldemar Bartchewsky, Marcelo L Ribeiro, Patrícia de Oliveira CarvalhoEffects of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) ingestion on mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant status in healthy young womenJ Agric Food Chem.(2009 Mar 11)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Pardo-Andreu GL, Philip SJ, Riaño A, Sánchez C, Viada C, Núñez-Sellés AJ, Delgado RMangifera indica L. (Vimang) protection against serum oxidative stress in elderly humansArch Med Res.(2006 Jan)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Barmaki S, Bohlooli S, Khoshkhahesh F, Nakhostin-Roohi BEffect of methylsulfonylmethane supplementation on exercise - Induced muscle damage and total antioxidant capacityJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2012 Apr)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Carmeli E, Fogelman YAntioxidant effect of polyphenolic glabridin on LDL oxidationToxicol Ind Health.(2009 May-Jun)
- Testosterone - R A Josephs, J S Guinn, M L Harper, F AskariLiquorice consumption and salivary testosterone concentrationsLancet.(2001 Nov 10)
- Testosterone - Mee Jung Mattarello, Stefano Benedini, Cristina Fiore, Valentina Camozzi, Paola Sartorato, Giovanni Luisetto, Decio ArmaniniEffect of licorice on PTH levels in healthy womenSteroids.(2006 May)
- Testosterone - Armanini D, Bonanni G, Palermo MReduction of serum testosterone in men by licoriceN Engl J Med.(1999 Oct 7)
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Allen J, Bradley RDEffects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteersJ Altern Complement Med.(2011 Sep)
- Food Intake - Anton SD, Martin CK, Han H, Coulon S, Cefalu WT, Geiselman P, Williamson DAEffects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levelsAppetite.(2010 Aug)
- Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile - Hofmann T, Kuhnert A, Schubert A, Gill C, Rowland IR, Pool-Zobel BL, Glei MModulation of detoxification enzymes by watercress: in vitro and in vivo investigations in human peripheral blood cellsEur J Nutr.(2009 Dec)
- DNA Damage - Gill CI, Haldar S, Boyd LA, Bennett R, Whiteford J, Butler M, Pearson JR, Bradbury I, Rowland IRWatercress supplementation in diet reduces lymphocyte DNA damage and alters blood antioxidant status in healthy adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Feb)
- Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile - Kasperczyk S, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A, Ostałowska A, Birkner EThe administration of N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress and regulates glutathione metabolism in the blood cells of workers exposed to leadClin Toxicol (Phila).(2013 Jul)
- Anaerobic Capacity - Cobley JN, McGlory C, Morton JP, Close GLN-Acetylcysteine Attenuates Fatigue Following Repeated-Bouts of Intermittent Exercise: Practical Implications for Tournament SituationsInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2011 Aug 29)
- Plasma Glutamine - Roger C Harris, Jay R Hoffman, Adrian Allsopp, Naomi B H RoutledgeL-glutamine absorption is enhanced after ingestion of L-alanylglutamine compared with the free amino acid or wheat proteinNutr Res.(2012 Apr)
- Fat Oxidation - Kawamura T, Okubo T, Sato K, Fujita S, Goto K, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu MGlycerophosphocholine enhances growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation in young adultsNutrition.(2012 Jun 5)
- Growth Hormone - Tim Ziegenfuss, Jamie Landis and Jennifer HofheinsAcute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exerciseJISSN.()
- Iron Absorption - Troesch B, Egli I, Zeder C, Hurrell RF, de Pee S, Zimmermann MBOptimization of a phytase-containing micronutrient powder with low amounts of highly bioavailable iron for in-home fortification of complementary foodsAm J Clin Nutr.(2009 Feb)
- Fat Oxidation - Papamandjaris AA, White MD, Raeini-Sarjaz M, Jones PJEndogenous fat oxidation during medium chain versus long chain triglyceride feeding in healthy womenInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2000 Sep)
- Metabolic Rate - White MD, Papamandjaris AA, Jones PJEnhanced postprandial energy expenditure with medium-chain fatty acid feeding is attenuated after 14 d in premenopausal womenAm J Clin Nutr.(1999 May)
- Growth Hormone - M Välimäki, J A Tuominen, I Huhtaniemi, R YlikahriThe pulsatile secretion of gonadotropins and growth hormone, and the biological activity of luteinizing hormone in men acutely intoxicated with ethanolAlcohol Clin Exp Res.(1990 Dec)
- Testosterone - Sierksma A, Sarkola T, Eriksson CJ, van der Gaag MS, Grobbee DE, Hendriks HFEffect of moderate alcohol consumption on plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, and estradiol levels in middle-aged men and postmenopausal women: a diet-controlled intervention studyAlcohol Clin Exp Res.(2004 May)
- Testosterone - Sarkola T, Fukunaga T, Mäkisalo H, Peter Eriksson CJAcute effect of alcohol on androgens in premenopausal womenAlcohol Alcohol.(2000 Jan)
- Testosterone - Low plasma testosterone values in men during hangoverJournal of Steroid Biochemistry.()
- Metabolic Rate - Sugita J, Yoneshiro T, Hatano T, Aita S, Ikemoto T, Uchiwa H, Iwanaga T, Kameya T, Kawai Y, Saito MGrains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in menBr J Nutr.(2013 Jan 11)
- Homocysteine - F M Loehrer, R Schwab, C P Angst, W E Haefeli, B FowlerInfluence of oral S-adenosylmethionine on plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, S-adenosylhomocysteine, homocysteine and methionine in healthy humansJ Pharmacol Exp Ther.(1997 Aug)
- Homocysteine - Gören JL, Stoll AL, Damico KE, Sarmiento IA, Cohen BMBioavailability and lack of toxicity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in humansPharmacotherapy.(2004 Nov)
- Inflammation - Teucher T, Obertreis B, Ruttkowski T, Schmitz HCytokine secretion in whole blood of healthy subjects following oral administration of Urtica dioica L. plant extractArzneimittelforschung.(1996 Sep)
- Testosterone - Neychev VK, Mitev VIThe aphrodisiac herb Tribulus terrestris does not influence the androgen production in young menJ Ethnopharmacol.(2005 Oct 3)
- Testosterone - Vedat Cinar, Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci, Rasim Mogulkoc, Mehmet KilicTestosterone levels in athletes at rest and exhaustion: effects of calcium supplementationBiol Trace Elem Res.(Summer 2009)
- Estrogen - J Li, L Lee, Y Gong, P Shen, S P Wong, Stephen D Wise, E L YongBioassays for estrogenic activity: development and validation of estrogen receptor (ERalpha/ERbeta) and breast cancer proliferation bioassays to measure serum estrogenic activity in clinical studiesAssay Drug Dev Technol.(2009 Feb)
- Exercise Performance During Hypoxia - Vanhatalo A, Fulford J, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Winyard PG, Jones AMDietary nitrate reduces muscle metabolic perturbation and improves exercise tolerance in hypoxiaJ Physiol.(2011 Nov 15)