Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
•Last Updated: October 13, 2024
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormone disorder that is common among women of reproductive age. PCOS is often caused by high androgen levels and frequently involves infertility, cysts on the ovaries, and metabolic abnormalities.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) falls under theWomen’s Healthcategory.
Last Updated:October 13, 2024
Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects 3% to 10% of premenopausal women; it is characterized by androgen excess and/or ovarian dysfunction. Symptoms may include high testosterone levels, male-pattern body hair growth, ovarian cysts, infertility, and irregular menstruation.
The main signs and symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) include irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, hirsutism, hair loss, and acne, along with high androgen levels and cyst-like growths on the ovaries. PCOS is also associated with insulin resistance and various comorbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes and infertility.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is diagnosed by meeting at least 2 of 3 criteria (anovulation or oligo-ovulation, androgen excess, and small cyst-like growths on the ovaries) and excluding other potential causes.
Medical treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome are tailored to individual symptoms and include metformin for insulin resistance, oral contraceptives for irregular periods, spironolactone for androgen excess, and clomiphene for infertility. Each treatment addresses specific aspects of the condition.
Inositol is one of the most well-studied supplements for polycystic ovary syndrome and has shown potential benefits for insulin resistance and fertility, although the evidence quality is not very high. Other supplements that have been investigated include L-carnitine, omega-3 fatty acids, alpha-lipoic acid, berberine, and N-acetylcysteine.
Various diets — including the DASH, low glycemic index, and low carbohydrate diets — can benefit women with PCOS by promoting reduced calorie intake. This reduction can help alleviate conditions associated with PCOS, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance.
Exercise is recommended for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) due to its benefits in reducing insulin resistance and androgen levels, as well as improving reproductive function. Although acupuncture has been studied for its effects on PCOS, its results appear to be similar to those of a placebo, indicating limited efficacy.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, and high androgen levels are the primary contributor to clinical features such as infertility, hirsutism, hair loss, and acne. Additionally, approximately half of women with PCOS experience insulin resistance and high insulin levels, which further contribute to its metabolic manifestations.
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- Blood glucose - M Nordio, E ProiettiThe combined therapy with myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol reduces the risk of metabolic disease in PCOS overweight patients compared to myo-inositol supplementation aloneEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.(2012 May)
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- PCOS Symptoms - Raffone E, Rizzo P, Benedetto VInsulin sensitiser agents alone and in co-treatment with r-FSH for ovulation induction in PCOS womenGynecol Endocrinol.(2010 Apr)
- PCOS Symptoms - Unfer V, Carlomagno G, Rizzo P, Raffone E, Roseff SMyo-inositol rather than D-chiro-inositol is able to improve oocyte quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. A prospective, controlled, randomized trialEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.(2011 Apr)
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- PCOS Symptoms - Zacchè MM, Caputo L, Filippis S, Zacchè G, Dindelli M, Ferrari AEfficacy of myo-inositol in the treatment of cutaneous disorders in young women with polycystic ovary syndromeGynecol Endocrinol.(2009 Aug)
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- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Tianqing Zhang, Qi He, Hao Xiu, ZiZhu Zhang, Yao Liu, Zhenrong Chen, Hengjing HuEfficacy and Safety of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysisReprod Sci.(2022 Aug 8)
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