Retinopathy of Prematurity
Retinopathy of prematurity is an eye disease that occurs in babies born prematurely. It causes abnormal blood vessels to grow in the retina and can lead to blindness in severe cases.
Last Updated:October 13, 2024
In this randomized controlled trial, a reduction in discomfort was observed among infants who received music therapy during eye examinations. Music with a slow tempo was associated with reduced heart rate in comparison with no music.
What was studied?
The effect of fast or slow music therapy on infants during fundus eye examinations.
Fundus screening is a photographic process used for the detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among infants with low gestational age (prematurity) and low birth weight.[1] Although this examination is noninvasive, infant discomfort may occur despite the use of local anesthetics.
Who was studied?
300 infants (155 girls and 145 boys) in China with an average age of 43 days.
The infants had a gestational age of less than 32 weeks, a birth weight of less than 2 kilograms, or other ROP risk factors. Infants with hearing impairment were excluded.
How was it studied?
In this randomized controlled trial, the infants were assigned to receive either slow music (60–80 beats per minute), fast music (80–100 beats per minute), or no music. The music was played through speakers before, during, and after the examinations at a volume of 50 to 60 decibels. All infants received anesthetic eye drops immediately prior to examination.
The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale was used to assess infant pain 1 minute before the examination, at the time of examination, and 1 minute after the examination. Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation was also measured at each time point, along with heart rate (HR). Parent satisfaction was assessed after the examination. These outcomes (pain, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and parent satisfaction) were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify differences between groups.
The intensity of crying (in decibels) was also measured.
What were the results?
Pain scores before and during the examination were lower in the music groups in comparison with the control group. Parent satisfaction was also higher in both music groups.
Slow music reduced infant heart rates during and after the examination in comparison with no music.
In comparison with the control group, oxygen saturation was higher in the fast music group at all time points and higher in the slow music group during and after the examination. Oxygen saturation was also higher in the slow music group after the examination in comparison with the fast music group.
Crying intensity was reduced in both music groups during the examination, in comparison with the control group.
Anything else I need to know?
Group allocation could not be fully blinded due to the nature of the intervention, which may have influenced some outcomes, such as parent satisfaction. The authors opted to use speakers rather than headphones due to potential adverse effects on hearing.
The examinations appeared to be well tolerated in all groups, with median parent satisfaction scores of 4 in the control group and 5 in both music groups (out of a possible 5) and a median crying intensity of 0 decibels before and after the examination in all groups.
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Quick Summary
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Background
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye disorder that primarily affects very-low-birth-weight infants, particularly infants who are treated for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Because oxidative stress contributes to the development of ROP, supplementation with vitamin E (an antioxidant) may prevent the development of ROP in infants with RDS.
The study
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The results
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