Tension headaches, previously known as muscle contraction headaches, are characterized by dull aches, pressure, or tightness on both sides of the head. They can be categorized into frequent or infrequent episodic and chronic types.

Tension headaches typically do not require an official diagnosis unless they are severe or frequent and not attributed to another health condition. They can often be identified by their positive response to over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen and ibuprofen, which indicates that the headache is likely a tension-type headache.

Tension headaches are primarily treated with over-the-counter medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflmmatory drugs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen), acetaminophen, and aspirin. Botulinum toxin injections may also be used, but it is advised to limit treatment to no more than twice per week to prevent chronic headaches.

There has been limited research on dietary supplements for tension headaches, and some studies were conducted on melatonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), and riboflavin. Overall, the effectiveness of these supplements has not been extensively explored in clinical research or guidelines.

The relationship between diet and tension headaches has not been extensively studied in clinical research or included in clinical guidelines. Therefore, the effect of diet on tension headaches remains unclear.

Various treatments for tension headaches include acupuncture, chiropractics, trigger point therapy, massage, and magnet therapy, all of which can aid in stress reduction. These modalities are beneficial in alleviating tension headaches.

The exact cause of tension headaches is unknown, but they may arise from muscle tenderness and nerve sensitization, which is often triggered by stress, poor posture, and weak neck muscles. Increased frequency may result from heightened nerve sensitivity, and episodic headaches can be influenced by factors like poor sleep, muscle tension, eye strain, and low blood sugar.