Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), commonly known as a yeast infection, is a prevalent vaginal fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida species, primarily C. albicans. Although most people experience mild-to-moderate, uncomplicated VVC, some may suffer from complicated VVC, which involves severe, recurrent infections in those with underlying health issues.

The main sign of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC; yeast infection) is an abnormal discharge that may be thick or watery and resembles cottage cheese, without a strong odor and with normal vaginal pH. Symptoms can include itching, irritation, soreness, redness, swelling, and burning sensations, although VVC can also occur without symptoms.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC; yeast infection) is diagnosed through a medical examination and microscopic analysis of vaginal discharge to identify the presence of Candida. If Candida is not detected, a culture may be performed to promote growth for further observation.

The main medical treatments for vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) are antifungal drugs, which alter the permeability of the fungal cell membrane. Both oral and topical antifungals are effective, and topical options are more effective at reducing Candida colonization and are available over the counter, whereas prescription antifungals may be necessary for infections caused by non-Candida albicans species.

Certain probiotic strains and the vitamin B complex may enhance antifungal treatment effects for vulvovaginal candidiasis. Additionally, various topical or suppository supplements like yogurt, honey, boric acid, ginger, and curcumin have been studied, and some show effectiveness compared to placebo, though many of the studies have limitations.

Diet may influence vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC; yeast infection) through the transfer of ingested probiotics to the vagina, and some studies suggest that daily yogurt consumption could reduce Candida colonization. Additionally, diets that are low in sugary foods might offer some protection against VVC, but the evidence is limited and inconclusive.

A study indicated that wearing cotton or medical-grade silk undergarments infused with an antimicrobial compound can enhance symptoms and reduce the recurrence of yeast infections in individuals who are undergoing antifungal treatment.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC; yeast infection) is primarily caused by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome, which allows Candida to multiply due to factors like hormonal changes, uncontrolled diabetes, immunosuppression, and antibiotic overuse. Additional risk factors may include the use of estrogen-containing contraceptives, spermicides, douching, and wearing tight synthetic clothing; VVC is not a sexually transmitted infection, but it can potentially be contracted from a partner.