Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychological treatment that emphasizes changing thinking patterns to improve quality of life and function. CBT is commonly used to treat depression, anxiety, alcohol and drug abuse, and eating disorders.
Last Updated:January 16, 2025
- CBT
Participants: 708
Participants: 708
Participants: 599
Participants: 599
Participants: 599
Participants: 708
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In this meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials involving 599 adolescents with insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia* (CBT-I) improved insomnia signs and symptoms and some sleep-related outcomes.
Quick Summary
In this meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials involving 599 adolescents with insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia* (CBT-I) improved insomnia signs and symptoms and some sleep-related outcomes.
The study
Intervention durations were not specified, but follow-up durations lasted 1 to 6 months. The comparison groups primarily consisted of a waiting list or a no-treatment control.
CBT-I improved the following sleep outcomes (which were mostly assessed using subjective questionnaires):
- Insomnia (large effect size, 6 studies)
- sleep latency (large effect size, 6 studies)
- sleep duration (medium effect size, 6 studies)
- sleep efficiency (medium effect size, 5 studies).
The improvements in insomnia symptoms also remained in follow-up appointments (medium effect size, 5 studies).
The risk of bias was low in 4 studies, unclear in 3 studies, and high in 1 study.
The results
CBT-I helps individuals identify, confront, and replace dysfunctional beliefs and emotions related to sleep and insomnia that appear to hinder sleep quality. Because of the generally high level of heterogeneity, subjective outcomes, and absence of intervention duration reporting, the results should be interpreted with caution. The lack of sustained improvements in sleep-related measures at follow-up suggest that adherence is important for lasting benefits.
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What was studied?
The effect of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) in the context of insomnia on the following parameters related to professional activity:
- Workplace absenteeism (missing work without a valid reason)
- Workplace presenteeism (working while unwell)
- Monetary cost of lost productivity due to absenteeism
- Monetary cost of lost productivity due to presenteeism
- Work-related rumination (overthinking about work outside of working hours)
How was it studied?
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What were the results?
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The big picture
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Quick Summary
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The study
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The results
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Note
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The big picture
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What was studied?
The efficacy and tolerability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and inference-based cognitive behavioral therapy (I-CBT) in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
The primary outcome was clinician-rated OCD symptom severity assessed on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).
The tolerability of the treatment was assessed using the Treatment Acceptability/Adherence Scale, based on the participant’s level of agreement with statements such as “it was distressing to me to participate in this treatment”.
How was it studied?
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What was studied?
The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on sleep quality (the primary outcome) and pain in participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain and insomnia. The role of dose (total time spent in CBT-I sessions) was also assessed.
Sleep quality was assessed using various scales, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index. Pain intensity was measured using general or condition-specific scales, such as the Multidimensional Pain Inventory or Knee Pain Scale.
How was it studied?
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