Whether oligo-fucoidan (from brown seaweed extract) improves outcomes in the context of lung cancer.

The researchers measured survival rates, quality of life (as measured by 2 validated questionnaires), and various biomarkers of kidney and liver health and inflammation (e.g., creatinine, AST, interleukin 6). The primary outcome was not specified.

The effect of sodium cantharidate (a compound extracted from insects that has potential antitumor effects) + vitamin B6 in women with cervical cancer.

The following outcomes were measured:

• Clinical efficacy (complete response, partial response, stable disease, and disease progression)
• Immune markers (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts)
• Cancer markers (cancer antigen-125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen)
• Quality of life (assessed with the Nottingham Health Profile questionnaire)
• Adverse events (e.g., treatment-related gastroenteritis)

Whether daily consumption of a beverage containing Cordyceps militaris affects measures of immune function.

Over 25 outcomes were assessed, including natural killer cell activity, complete blood counts, counts of lymphocyte subgroups, inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulins, and cardiometabolic markers.

The effect of supplementation with vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, or compound (a mixture of) nutrients on markers of lung function in the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The markers of lung function studied were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1% to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC%), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), the risk of acute exacerbation, COPD severity, and the levels of T-cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+).

Whether the immune response to the live attenuated herpes zoster (HZ; the virus that causes shingles) vaccine differs between older adults who are taking higher and lower doses of supplemental vitamin D.

The outcomes assessed included HZ-specific antibody, HZ-neutralizing antibody, HZ avidity (a measure of overall strength of the antibody-antigen complex), interleukin 2, interleukin 10, interferon gamma, CD3 lymphocytes, CD4 lymphocytes, and CD8 lymphocytes.