Serum Albumin
Albumin is a protein made by the liver that prevents fluid leakage from blood vessels and carries a variety of molecules (e.g., fatty acids, hormones, drugs) throughout the body. "Serum albumin" refers to the amount of albumin in the blood.
Last Updated:October 13, 2024
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In this umbrella review of 25 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials in participants with chronic kidney disease, a low-protein diet improved various clinical outcomes, including reducing the risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease.
Quick Summary
In this umbrella review of 25 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials in participants with chronic kidney disease, a low-protein diet improved various clinical outcomes, including reducing the risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease.
The study
A total of 47 randomized controlled trials were included. The low-protein diet was compared to a higher-protein diet (e.g., the participants’ usual diet).
The low-protein diet improved the following outcomes:
- Glomerular filtration rate (+0.87 mL/min/1.73 m2; low certainty)
- Proteinuria (−0.42 g/24 hours; very low certainty),
- Blood urea nitrogen (−20.77 mg/dL; low certainty)
- HbA1c (−0.22%; moderate certainty)
- Serum phosphorus (−0.21 mg/dL; moderate certainty)
- The odds of progressing to end-stage renal disease (−36%; moderate certainty).
The results
A limitation of this study is that a “low-protein” diet was not well defined. The average daily protein intake of the participants ranged from approximately 0.3 to 1.1 grams per kilogram of body weight. Therefore, the optimal amount of protein restriction is unclear.
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What was studied?
The effects of supplementing with soy protein in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
The outcomes assessed included serum albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, C-reactive protein, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, and blood lipids.
How was it studied?
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What was studied?
The effect of supplementation with resistant starch on the following outcomes in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD):
- Serum albumin, a biomarker of nutritional status
- Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), a biomarker of kidney function
- Inflammatory biomarkers: interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
- Uremic toxins: indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate
- Serum phosphorus, a biomarker of mineral metabolism
How was it studied?
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What was studied?
Whether supplementing with L-carnitine improves frailty in the context of liver cirrhosis.
Frailty was measured using the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, Freid Frailty Index, and Liver Frailty Index. The secondary outcomes included liver enzymes, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum albumin, and bilirubin.
How was it studied?
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What was studied?
Whether supplementing with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Yishen Huashi granule (YSHS)* improves clinical outcomes in the context of diabetic nephropathy (DN).
The outcomes included urinary albumin, proteinuria, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
How was it studied?
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