TNF-Alpha
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is used as a marker of inflammation. Its reduction is thought to reflect a lesser state of inflammation in the body.
Last Updated:March 2, 2023
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) got its name from its ability to kill off tumor cells in mice. It’s a protein that’s released from a wide range of cells in order to activate the immune system.
It accomplishes this in a variety of ways, including (but not limited to) inducing fever, helping initiate the “acute phase response,” which increases inflammation in response to injury and can help fight off microbes and clean up, as well as attracting white blood cells to sites of injury and infection. Since it “moves cells” to do its job and because it promotes inflammation, it is known as a “proinflammatory cytokine.” In short, TNF-alpha boosts the immune system.
While “boosting the immune system” may sound like a good thing, the immune system is pretty powerful and can cause a lot of collateral damage in the body if boosted too much. For instance, some of the effects[1] of malaria infection are not due to the parasite itself, but because of overproduction of TNF-alpha. It may also cause some trouble in other major diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease[2], Alzheimer’s[3], and depression[4]. Lower levels may be associated with longevity as well, but the research on this has been conflicting[5].
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- Whey Protein - Konstantinos Prokopidis, Mohsen Mazidi, Rajiv Sankaranarayanan, Behnam Tajik, Anne McArdle, Masoud IsanejadEffects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisBr J Nutr.(2023 Mar 14)
- Resistant Starch - Wei Y, Zhang X, Meng Y, Wang Q, Xu H, Chen LThe Effects of Resistant Starch on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutr Cancer.(2022)
- Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) - Su H, Liu R, Chang M, Huang J, Jin Q, Wang XEffect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Eur J Nutr.(2018-Apr)
- Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) - Yin S, Xu H, Xia J, Lu Y, Xu D, Sun J, Wang Y, Liao W, Sun GEffect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in Individuals with Obesity or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Adv Nutr.(2023-Sep-29)
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- Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) - Zargarzadeh N, Severo JS, Pizarro AB, Persad E, Mousavi SMThe Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Pro-inflammatory Mediators: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clin Ther.(2021-Dec)
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- Resveratrol - Haghighatdoost F, Hariri MCan resveratrol supplement change inflammatory mediators? A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.Eur J Clin Nutr.(2019-Mar)
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- Resveratrol - Guo XF, Li JM, Tang J, Li DEffects of resveratrol supplementation on risk factors of non-communicable diseases: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2018)
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- Resveratrol - Sahar Rafiee, Hamed Mohammadi, Abed Ghavami, Erfan Sadeghi, Zahra Safari, Gholamreza AskariEfficacy of resveratrol supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trialsComplement Ther Clin Pract.(2020 Dec 4)
- Resveratrol - Teimouri M, Homayouni-Tabrizi M, Rajabian A, Amiri H, Hosseini HAnti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Complement Ther Med.(2022-Nov)
- Resveratrol - Koushki M, Dashatan NA, Meshkani REffect of Resveratrol Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clin Ther.(2018-Jul)
- Resveratrol - Melodi Omraninava, Bahman Razi, Saeed Aslani, Danyal Imani, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein SahebkarEffect of resveratrol on inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsEur J Pharmacol.(2021 Oct 5)
- Resveratrol - He X, Li Y, Deng X, Xiao X, Zeng JIntegrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses.Front Pharmacol.(2023)
- Black seed - Gang Tang, Linyu Zhang, Jie Tao, Zhengqiang WeiEffect of Nigella sativa in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPhytother Res.(2021 Mar 16)
- Black seed - Kavyani Z, Musazadeh V, Golpour-Hamedani S, Moridpour AH, Vajdi M, Askari GThe effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Inflammopharmacology.(2023-Jun)
- Saffron - Asbaghi O, Sadeghian M, Sadeghi O, Rigi S, Tan SC, Shokri A, Mousavi SMEffects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Phytother Res.(2021-Jan)
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari MEffect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on markers of inflammation and endothelial function in patients with chronic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand).(2024 Jun 5)
- Korean black raspberry - Jazinaki MS, Nosrati M, Chambari M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar AThe Effects of Raspberry Consumption on Glycemic Control and Inflammation Markers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Curr Dev Nutr.(2024 Jun)
- Flaxseed - Rahimlou M, Jahromi NB, Hasanyani N, Ahmadi AREffects of Flaxseed Interventions on Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Adv Nutr.(2019 Nov 1)
- Flaxseed - Askarpour M, Karimi M, Hadi A, Ghaedi E, Symonds ME, Miraghajani M, Javadian PEffect of flaxseed supplementation on markers of inflammation and endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cytokine.(2020 Feb)
- Flaxseed - Tamtaji OR, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Dadgostar E, Amirani E, Asemi Z, Mirsafaei L, Mansournia MA, Dana PM, Sadoughi F, Hallajzadeh JEffects of flaxseed oil supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2020 Dec)