Blood pressure, glucose, and cognitive impairment risk with type 2 diabetes Original paper

In this randomized controlled trial in adults with type 2 diabetes, blood-pressure-lowering and glucose-lowering medications did not reduce the overall dementia risk, although some benefits were observed among subgroups.

This Study Summary was published on April 25, 2025.

The study

Treatment with blood-pressure-lowering medications (a perindopril/indapamide combination) reduced the odds of developing dementia or cognitive decline (−24%), compared to a placebo, among the participants who already had some cognitive impairment at baseline but not among those without baseline cognitive impairment.

Glucose-lowering therapy (gliclazide-based intensive treatment) did not alter the odds of developing dementia or cognitive decline, compared to standard care, but a trend towards reduced odds was observed among the participants with elevated glucose at baseline.

This study included 11,132 participants aged 55 or older (57% men and 43% women) in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. The median follow-up period was 4 to 5 years.

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The results

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This Study Summary was published on April 25, 2025.

References

  1. ^Xue M, Xu W, Ou YN, Cao XP, Tan MS, Tan L, Yu JTDiabetes mellitus and risks of cognitive impairment and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 144 prospective studies.Ageing Res Rev.(2019 Nov)
  2. ^Iadecola C, Yaffe K, Biller J, Bratzke LC, Faraci FM, Gorelick PB, Gulati M, Kamel H, Knopman DS, Launer LJ, Saczynski JS, Seshadri S, Zeki Al Hazzouri A, American Heart Association Council on Hypertension; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; and Stroke CouncilImpact of Hypertension on Cognitive Function: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Hypertension.(2016 Dec)