The study

The meta-analysis included 9 randomized controlled trials with a total of 898 participants. In 8 of the trials, the participants had knee osteoarthritis and either overweight or obesity (1 trial did not provide this information).

Reduced-calorie diets improved pain (3 trials) and physical function (4 trials) and reduced body weight by 3.1 kilograms/6.8 pounds (3 trials).

In 1 trial, a reduced-calorie diet with various purportedly anti-inflammatory components — which is covered in detail in this study summary — improved pain and physical function and reduced body weight by 3.2 kilograms/7 pounds.

Several other diets (Mediterranean, low-fat, and low-carbohydrate) were assessed, but evidence for these diets was limited to 1 to 2 trials each and showed no clear effects on pain or physical function.

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The results

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This Study Summary was published on June 3, 2025.

References

  1. ^Shahid A, Thirumaran AJ, Christensen R, Venkatesha V, Henriksen M, Bowden JL, Hunter DJComparison of weight loss interventions in overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.Osteoarthritis Cartilage.(2025 Apr)