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The approximate quantity of Apigenin in various foods/plants was updated for clarity.
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Apigenin is a bioflavonoids that appears to reduce anxiety, affect immune health, and modulate hormones. It is found in chamomile tea and a variety of vegetables and herbs. Apigenin is stable when consumed as part of the diet but unstable when isolated from its source.
Apigenin is most often used for
Last Updated:July 29, 2024
Apigenin is a flavone (a subclass of bioflavonoids) primarily found in plants. It is frequently extracted from the plant Matricaria recutita L (chamomile), a member of the Asteraceae (daisy) family. In foods and herbs, apigenin is often found in the more stable derivative form of apigenin-7-O-glucoside.[6]
Source | Apigenin per 100 grams |
---|---|
Chamomile | 840 mg |
Parsley | 215 mg |
Foxglove, coneflower, flax | 35 mg |
Kumquats | 21.87 mg |
Artichokes | 7.48 mg |
Passion flower, horehound, peppermint | 5.39 mg |
Rutabagas | 3.85 mg |
Marjoram | 3.5 mg |
Celery | 2.85 mg |
Oregano | 2.57 mg |
Sorghum | 2.54 mg |
Thyme | 2.50 mg |
Green chili peppers | 1.40 mg |
Yarrow | 1.21 mg |
Red onions | 0.24 mg |
Table sources[7][8][3][9][10][11]
Apigenin is also found in beverages, such as red wine [12] and beer.[13][14]
Though there are few human clinical trials studying the effects of apigenin as a single compound, at least in part because of its instability when isolated, preclinical studies have suggested that apigenin may improve outcomes in anxiety,[15] brain function,[16][15][17][18] oxidative stress,[19][20][21] inflammation,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and hormonal regulation (testosterone,[29] estrogen,[30] and cortisol[31][32]).
There is little evidence to suggest that apigenin causes adverse effects when consumed as part of a normal diet.[8] No toxicity has been reported as a result of dietary apigenin intake.[33][34] It should be noted, however, that when dosages exceed typical intake to an extreme (30–100 mg/kg of body weight), sedation has been reported as a side effect.[15]
Animal studies suggest that apigenin may impede genetic mutations in cells that are exposed to toxins and bacteria.[35][36] Apigenin may also play a direct role in the removal of free radicals, inhibition of tumor growth enzymes, and induction of detoxification enzymes such as glutathione.[37][38][39][40] Apigenin’s anti-inflammatory ability may also explain its effects on mental health, brain function, and immunological response,[41][40][17][42] though some large observational studies don’t support a potential effect with respect to metabolic conditions.[43]
For general health needs, multiple daily servings of fruits and vegetables can provide adequate amounts of apigenin, which is estimated to be less than 5 mg/day.[1][2] Apigenin is sufficiently bioavailable through such dietary sources.[2] In contrast, apigenin that’s been isolated from its source is rarely stable enough to be absorbed by the body.[3] Because isolated apigenin is so unstable, it is unlikely that it will be available in supplement form.[4][5]
Page clarification
The approximate quantity of Apigenin in various foods/plants was updated for clarity.
These amounts were also put into a table format.
Additional copyediting was done.
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