Garcinia Research Analysis

Q: What is Garcinia cambogia?

Garcinia cambogia is a fruit that is native to India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka but can now be found across Southeast Asia.[1] The fruit rind has been used to flavor food and to cure fish[6] and is sometimes added to food to make meals more filling.[7] While the fruit is safe to eat, it is rarely eaten raw because of its acidic taste.[6] It has also been used traditionally as a treatment for multiple medical conditions, including constipation, intestinal parasites, and menstrual irregularities.[8][1]

Q: What are Garcinia cambogia’s main benefits?

Garcinia cambogia is most commonly used to help with weight loss, and some studies have found it can help with lowering body weight, body fat, and BMI.[9][10][11] Other studies have found that it was not effective for weight loss.[4][5] Even in studies that showed weight loss, the amount was minimal (2–3 kilograms, or 4.4–6.6 lbs, over 3 months), and Garcinia was only studied in the short term. Furthermore, although the differences noted between the control and treatment groups were statistically significant, they were not clinically meaningful. It is also worth noting that some studies used combination supplements that contained other ingredients, such as Gymnema sylvestre and chromium, and any effects cannot be attributed directly to Garcinia cambogia. Although there are several other potential uses, including as an antibiotic or a treatment for stomach ulcers, there is little evidence to support them at present, and further clinical trials are needed to investigate these effects in humans.[12][1]

Q: How does Garcinia cambogia work?

The active component in Garcinia cambogia is called hydroxycitric acid (HCA). HCA inhibits an enzyme called adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (ACLY). ACLY is important for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, which is used in energy production and the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. HCA inhibits ACLY, which leads to a decrease in fatty acid synthesis and an increase in glycogen production and storage. This process might increase energy expenditure, and the stimulation of gluconeogenesis (glucose production) in the liver could decrease appetite. Other mechanisms, including vagal nerve stimulation and an upregulation of serotonin, could also contribute to the weight-loss effects of Garcinia cambogia.[13][14]

Q: Does Garcinia cambogia lower cholesterol levels?

Because Garcinia cambogia lowers fatty acid production, it is possible that it could improve lipid profiles. However, the results are inconsistent. Some animal studies found that Garcinia cambogia could help prevent increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats,[15] but other studies did not find any effect on cholesterol levels.[16] Human clinical trials initially found that Garcinia cambogia could reduce triglyceride levels but did not affect other markers of cholesterol.[5][4] However, a 2024 meta-analysis found that Garcinia cambogia lowered triglycerides, increased HDL cholesterol levels, and reduced total cholesterol but had no effect on LDL cholesterol.[17] Although there is some promising evidence that Garcinia cambogia could improve lipid profiles, there are few good-quality studies, and more research is needed.

Q: Can Garcinia cambogia treat type 2 diabetes?

There is some evidence to suggest that Garcinia cambogia could lower blood glucose, and it could theoretically be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. One study found that combining Garcinia cambogia with glucomannan could result in lower blood glucose levels,[18] but a meta-analysis did not support these results.[19] More research is needed to assess the effectiveness and the safety of Garcinia cambogia for people with type 2 diabetes.

Q: Is Garcinia cambogia an anti-inflammatory?

Garcinol, a compound found in both Garcinia cambogia and Garcinia indica, has been associated with anti-inflammatory properties. An in vitro study found that garcinol could decrease the expression of proinflammatory compounds such as cyclooxygenase-2 and TNF-alpha.[20] These findings were also supported by studies done on rats that showed Garcinia cambogia extract reduced other inflammatory markers like interleukin 1-beta and prostaglandin E2.[21][22] However, there are no clinical trials in humans that show this effect, so more research is needed to show that this effect carries over into people with inflammatory conditions.

Q: Can Garcinia cambogia be used to treat cancer?

There are some studies that suggest that Garcinia cambogia might be able to kill certain types of cancer cells, including breast, prostate, and colon cancer cells. There are several proposed mechanisms, including antioxidant properties and increased apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells.[23][24] However, the majority of these are in vitro studies or in vivo studies in rats. There are no human clinical trials to confirm these findings, and more research is needed.[25]

Q: Does Garcinia Cambogia help with weight loss?

Garcinia cambogia, particularly its active compound HCA, was initially thought to aid in weight loss by suppressing appetite and reducing fat mass, as observed in rat studies. However, subsequent research has shown that it does not produce significant weight loss effects in humans, and it often does not outperform a placebo.

Megan Michaux

Garcinia

•Last Updated: May 1, 2025

Garcinia cambogia is a fruit that has historically been used as a food-flavoring agent and in traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. More recently, and despite the need for more evidence to support its effectiveness, it has gained popularity as a weight-loss supplement.

Dosage

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Garcinia is most often used for

Megan Michaux, MD

Giulia Guerrini, MPharm

•

Conni Covington

Last Updated:May 1, 2025

Dosage Information
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Research feed
Frequently asked questions
Update History
Research breakdown
References

What is Garcinia cambogia?

Garcinia cambogia is a fruit that is native to India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka but can now be found across Southeast Asia.^[1] The fruit rind has been used to flavor food and to cure fish^[6] and is sometimes added to food to make meals more filling.^[7] While the fruit is safe to eat, it is rarely eaten raw because of its acidic taste.^[6] It has also been used traditionally as a treatment for multiple medical conditions, including constipation, intestinal parasites, and menstrual irregularities.^[8]^[1]

What are Garcinia cambogia’s main benefits?

Garcinia cambogia is most commonly used to help with weight loss, and some studies have found it can help with lowering body weight, body fat, and BMI.^[9]^[10]^[11] Other studies have found that it was not effective for weight loss.^[4]^[5] Even in studies that showed weight loss, the amount was minimal (2–3 kilograms, or 4.4–6.6 lbs, over 3 months), and Garcinia was only studied in the short term. Furthermore, although the differences noted between the control and treatment groups were statistically significant, they were not clinically meaningful. It is also worth noting that some studies used combination supplements that contained other ingredients, such as Gymnema sylvestre and chromium, and any effects cannot be attributed directly to Garcinia cambogia.

Although there are several other potential uses, including as an antibiotic or a treatment for stomach ulcers, there is little evidence to support them at present, and further clinical trials are needed to investigate these effects in humans.^[12]^[1]

Does Garcinia cambogia lower cholesterol levels?

Can Garcinia cambogia treat type 2 diabetes?

Is Garcinia cambogia an anti-inflammatory?

Can Garcinia cambogia be used to treat cancer?

How does Garcinia cambogia work?

The active component in Garcinia cambogia is called hydroxycitric acid (HCA). HCA inhibits an enzyme called adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (ACLY). ACLY is important for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, which is used in energy production and the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. HCA inhibits ACLY, which leads to a decrease in fatty acid synthesis and an increase in glycogen production and storage. This process might increase energy expenditure, and the stimulation of gluconeogenesis (glucose production) in the liver could decrease appetite. Other mechanisms, including vagal nerve stimulation and an upregulation of serotonin, could also contribute to the weight-loss effects of Garcinia cambogia.^[13]^[14]

What are other names for Garcinia?

Note that Garcinia is also known as:

Malabar tamarind
Garcinia gummi-gutta
Hydroxycitric acid (HCA)
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid
Pazhampuli
Gambooge

Garcinia should not be confused with:

Hoodia gordonii (another ineffective appetite suppressant)

Dosage information

Formulation:

Garcinia cambogia supplements are usually taken as capsules and are also often part of combination weight-loss supplements.

The usual dosage is 1,500 milligrams per day (mg/day) of the active ingredient hydroxycitric acid (HCA), but some toxicology studies suggest a no-observed-adverse-effect level of up to 2,800 mg/day.^[1]

Range of dosages studied:

Studies have used dosages ranging from 300 milligrams to 4,667 milligrams of HCA per day.^[2]^[3] It is worth noting that not all the studies looked at Garcinia cambogia or HCA in isolation, and some used combination supplements.

Effective dosages:

People trying to lose weight

Adults: 500 mg of hydroxycitric acid (HCA) three times per day before meals.

Special considerations: Garcinia cambogia may have a minimal effect on body weight, and, although this is the most commonly recommended dose for weight loss, it might not be effective.^[4]^[5]

Other considerations:

There are no recommended doses as yet for the other potential uses of Garcinia cambogia. This is because there is no evidence to support its efficacy outside of its use as a weight-loss supplement.

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Does Garcinia Cambogia help with weight loss?

Garcinia cambogia, particularly its active compound HCA, was initially thought to aid in weight loss by suppressing appetite and reducing fat mass, as observed in rat studies. However, subsequent research has shown that it does not produce significant weight loss effects in humans, and it often does not outperform a placebo.

What is Garcinia Cambogia?

As a plant...

Garcinia cambogia is a fruit that is also known as Malabar Tamarind, a small fruit that was typically ingested with a meal because some cultures enjoyed the culinary experience. Some old sources suggests that it could potentially help curb the appetite, but for the longest time it was uncertain whether this was because it had actual appetite suppressing properties or whether the taste experience just made people be more satisfied with less food.

It was only due to some exploratory studies looking at what was inside the fruit that it became a popular supplement.

As a supplement

Within garcinia cambogia is a molecule, (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA for all intents and purposes), that is related to the taste of the fruit. The fame of this fruit as a fat loss agent skyrocketed in the 70s when a study^[26] in rats found that it reduced food intake by as much as 17% and weight gain by as much as 36%. It was assumed that this applied to humans and a safe supplement that quartered your food intake was then being talked about most commonly in the fat loss supplement Hydroxycut, which got it's brand name as a reference to both hydroxycitric acid and 'cut' (used to refer to the process of losing fat).

It was sold for quite some time, but come 1998 the first study on the topic failed to show any benefit of this fruit^[27] with subsequent follow-up studies also showing an outright failure of the fruit to influence fat mass or appetite.^[4]^[28] So what gives?

Why does it fail in humans?

The main mechanism for HCA is inhibiting the enzyme known as ATP Citrate Lysase which produces fatty acids in the body, and suppressing this pathway in rats is quite effective at reducing their fat mass.^[29]^[30] Unfortunately, however, this process known as de novo lipogenesis is one that is very important to weight regulation in rats while humans are significantly less reliant on it; preventing a minor process from occurring in humans is only going to give minor results, and it seems that the effect is so minor that it fails to outperform placebo.

It is still commonly sold as a dietary supplement in part because it is cheap to produce and not everybody knows of its demonstrated failures in humans, and sometimes it is added to fat loss supplements in a 'it can't hurt' methodology. However, at this moment in time it seems that the effects of HCA are too mild to influence the human body.

Click here to read the full answer to Does Garcinia Cambogia help with weight loss?

Update History

31 days ago

All new FAQs were added to this page.
major

We added all new FAQs to this page, which include:

What is Garcinia cambogia?: A new FAQ with information about where garcinia comes from and its historical uses.

What are Garcinia cambogia's main benefits?: Garcinia's use for weight loss is discussed and the limited effectiveness highlighted.

How does Garcinia cambogia work?: A brief discussion on the possible mechanism of action has been added.

Does Garcinia cambogia lower cholesterol levels?: The evidence in this area suggests garcinia might lower triglyceride levels, but is inconclusive for other cholesterol measures.

Can Garcinia cambogia treat type 2 diabetes?: We added the current evidence which does not yet support the use of garcinia to lower blood sugar.

Is Garcinia cambogia an anti-inflammatory?: Studies in vitro show some potential anti-inflammatory effects of garcinia.

Can Garcinia cambogia be used to treat cancer?: In vitro studies suggest that garcinia might have some anticancer properties, but clinical trials are needed.

Written By

Megan Michaux

Edited By

Conni Covington

Reviewed By

Giulia Guerrini

Research Breakdown

🚧 Under Renovation 🚧

The information in this section is slated for renovation — it will soon be transformed into a more usable (and readable!) form in the coming months. As such, the text in this section may be out of date and not up to Examine’s current standards for writing style.

References

^Ruchi Badoni Semwal, Deepak Kumar Semwal, Ilze Vermaak, Alvaro ViljoenA comprehensive scientific overview of Garcinia cambogiaFitoterapia.(2015 Apr)
^Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Kovacs EMThe effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on energy intake and satiety in overweight humans.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2002 Jun)
^Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Rao CV, Dey DK, Satyanarayana SEffects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss.Diabetes Obes Metab.(2004 May)
^Kim JE, Jeon SM, Park KH, Lee WS, Jeong TS, McGregor RA, Choi MSDoes Glycine max leaves or Garcinia Cambogia promote weight-loss or lower plasma cholesterol in overweight individuals: a randomized control trialNutr J.(2011 Sep 21)
^Vasques CA, Schneider R, Klein-Júnior LC, Falavigna A, Piazza I, Rossetto SHypolipemic effect of Garcinia cambogia in obese women.Phytother Res.(2014 Jun)
^Jena BS, Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP, Sakariah KKChemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia.J Agric Food Chem.(2002 Jan 2)
^Pandey MM, Rastogi S, Rawat AKIndian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2013)
^Roy S, Rink C, Khanna S, Phillips C, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Sen CKBody weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement.Gene Expr.(2004)
^Hayamizu K, Ishii Y, Kaneko I, Shen M, Okuhara Y, Shigematsu N, Tomi H, Furuse M, Yoshino G, Shimasaki HEffects of garcinia cambogia (Hydroxycitric Acid) on visceral fat accumulation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Curr Ther Res Clin Exp.(2003 Sep)
^Golzarand M, Omidian M, Toolabi KEffect of Garcinia cambogia supplement on obesity indices: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med.(2020-Aug)
^Onakpoya I, Hung SK, Perry R, Wider B, Ernst EThe Use of Garcinia Extract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a Weight loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials.J Obes.(2011)
^Mahendran P, Vanisree AJ, Shyamala Devi CSThe antiulcer activity of Garcinia cambogia extract against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.Phytother Res.(2002 Feb)
^Soni MG, Burdock GA, Preuss HG, Stohs SJ, Ohia SE, Bagchi DSafety assessment of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax, a novel calcium/potassium salt.Food Chem Toxicol.(2004 Sep)
^Downs BW, Bagchi M, Subbaraju GV, Shara MA, Preuss HG, Bagchi DBioefficacy of a novel calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid.Mutat Res.(2005 Nov 11)
^Mahendran P, Devi CSEffect of Garcinia cambogia extract on lipids and lipoprotein composition in dexamethasone administered rats.Indian J Physiol Pharmacol.(2001 Jul)
^Atila, A et al.Effect of dietary Garcinia cambogia extract on serum lipid profile and serum enzymes in rats fed high-lipid dietIJVR.(2012-01)
^Amini MR, Rasaei N, Jalalzadeh M, Akhgarjand C, Hashemian M, Jalali P, Hekmatdoost AThe effects of Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res.(2024-Feb)
^Maia-Landim A, Ramírez JM, Lancho C, Poblador MS, Lancho JLLong-term effects of Garcinia cambogia/Glucomannan on weight loss in people with obesity, PLIN4, FTO and Trp64Arg polymorphisms.BMC Complement Altern Med.(2018 Jan 24)
^Pittler MH, Ernst EDietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review.Am J Clin Nutr.(2004 Apr)
^Chiung-Ho Liao, Shengmin Sang, Yu-Chih Liang, Chi-Tang Ho, Jen-Kun LinSuppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B pathway by GarcinolMol Carcinog.(2004 Nov)
^dos Reis SB, de Oliveira CC, Acedo SC, Miranda DD, Ribeiro ML, Pedrazzoli J Jr, Gambero AAttenuation of colitis injury in rats using Garcinia cambogia extract.Phytother Res.(2009 Mar)
^Clouatre, D et al.Potassium Magnesium Hydroxycitrate at Physiologic Levels Influences Various Metabolic Parameters and Inflammation in RatsCurr Top Nutraceut R.(2008-11)
^Pan MH, Chang WL, Lin-Shiau SY, Ho CT, Lin JKInduction of apoptosis by garcinol and curcumin through cytochrome c release and activation of caspases in human leukemia HL-60 cells.J Agric Food Chem.(2001 Mar)
^Yamaguchi F, Ariga T, Yoshimura Y, Nakazawa HAntioxidative and anti-glycation activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind.J Agric Food Chem.(2000 Feb)
^Saadat N, Gupta SVPotential role of garcinol as an anticancer agent.J Oncol.(2012)
^Sullivan AC, Triscari J, Hamilton JG, Miller ONEffect of (-)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat. II. AppetiteLipids.(1974 Feb)
^Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Vasselli JR, Pietrobelli A, Greenfield D, Nunez CGarcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trialJAMA.(1998 Nov 11)
^Mattes RD, Bormann LEffects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variablesPhysiol Behav.(2000 Oct 1-15)
^Leonhardt M, Hrupka B, Langhans WEffect of hydroxycitrate on food intake and body weight regain after a period of restrictive feeding in male ratsPhysiol Behav.(2001 Sep 1-15)
^Leonhardt M, Balkan B, Langhans WEffect of hydroxycitrate on respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance in male rats after a period of restrictive feedingNutrition.(2004 Oct)
^Sharma A, Akagi E, Njie A, Goyal S, Arsene C, Krishnamoorthy G, Ehrinpreis MAcute Hepatitis due to Garcinia Cambogia Extract, an Herbal Weight Loss Supplement.Case Rep Gastrointest Med.(2018)
^Yousaf MN, Chaudhary FS, Hodanazari SM, Sittambalam CDHepatotoxicity associated with Garcinia cambogia: A case report.World J Hepatol.(2019 Nov 27)
^Lunsford KE, Bodzin AS, Reino DC, Wang HL, Busuttil RWDangerous dietary supplements: Garcinia cambogia-associated hepatic failure requiring transplantation.World J Gastroenterol.(2016 Dec 7)
^Sharma T, Wong L, Tsai N, Wong RDHydroxycut(®) (herbal weight loss supplement) induced hepatotoxicity: a case report and review of literature.Hawaii Med J.(2010-Aug)
^Corey R, Werner KT, Singer A, Moss A, Smith M, Noelting J, Rakela JAcute liver failure associated with Garcinia cambogia use.Ann Hepatol.(2016)
^Smith RJ, Bertilone C, Robertson AGFulminant liver failure and transplantation after use of dietary supplements.Med J Aust.(2016 Jan 18)
^Kothadia JP, Kaminski M, Samant H, Olivera-Martinez MHepatotoxicity Associated with Use of the Weight Loss Supplement : A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Case Reports Hepatol.(2018)
^Giada Crescioli, Niccolò Lombardi, Alessandra Bettiol, Ettore Marconi, Filippo Risaliti, Michele Bertoni, Francesca Menniti Ippolito, Valentina Maggini, Eugenia Gallo, Fabio Firenzuoli, Alfredo VannacciAcute liver injury following Garcinia cambogia weight-loss supplementation: case series and literature reviewIntern Emerg Med.(2018 Sep)
^Kim YJ, Choi MS, Park YB, Kim SR, Lee MK, Jung UJGarcinia Cambogia attenuates diet-induced adiposity but exacerbates hepatic collagen accumulation and inflammation.World J Gastroenterol.(2013 Aug 7)
^Stevens T, Qadri A, Zein NNTwo patients with acute liver injury associated with use of the herbal weight-loss supplement hydroxycut.Ann Intern Med.(2005-Mar-15)
^Mancano MAGarcinia Cambogia-Induced Acute Hepatitis; Varenicline-Induced Parkinsonism; Resistant Hypocalcemia After Zoledronic Acid Administration; Zonisamide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury; Psychosis Associated with Guanfacine.Hosp Pharm.(2015 Jul)
^Ferreira V, Mathieu A, Soucy G, Giard JM, Erard-Poinsot DAcute Severe Liver Injury Related to Long-Term Garcinia cambogia Intake.ACG Case Rep J.(2020 Aug)
^Li JW, Bordelon PHydroxycitric acid dietary supplement-related herbal nephropathy.Am J Med.(2011 Nov)
^Hendrickson BP, Shaikh N, Occhiogrosso M, Penzner JBMania Induced by Garcinia cambogia: A Case Series.Prim Care Companion CNS Disord.(2016)
^Cotovio G, Oliveira-Maia AJHypomania induced by a Garcinia cambogia supplement.Aust N Z J Psychiatry.(2017 Jun)
^Nguyen DC, Timmer TK, Davison BC, McGrane IRPossible Garcinia cambogia-Induced Mania With Psychosis: A Case Report.J Pharm Pract.(2019-Feb)
^Iqbal U, Anwar H, Siddiqui HU, Mehmood AAcute Pancreatitis Secondary to Use of Appetite Suppressant: Garcinia cambogia.Cureus.(2019 May 16)
^Bystrak T, Cervera-Hernandez ME, Reddy N, King Z, Bratberg JGarcinia Cambogia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Pancreatitis.R I Med J (2013).(2017 Oct 2)
^JOP.(2016-04)
^Mansi IA, Huang JRhabdomyolysis in response to weight-loss herbal medicine.Am J Med Sci.(2004 Jun)
^Dehoney S, Wellein MRhabdomyolysis associated with the nutritional supplement Hydroxycut.Am J Health Syst Pharm.(2009 Jan 15)
^Lopez AM, Kornegay J, Hendrickson RGSerotonin toxicity associated with Garcinia cambogia over-the-counter supplement.J Med Toxicol.(2014 Dec)
^Yu JS, Choi MS, Park JS, Rehman SU, Nakamura K, Yoo HHInhibitory Effects of Garcinia cambogia Extract on CYP2B6 Enzyme Activity.Planta Med.(2017 Jul)
^Philips CA, Augustine PChemical Analysis of Weight Loss Herbal Supplement Safe Lean™ Associated With Acute Liver Injury - A Concern for Spurious Drug, Misbranding and Adulteration.J Clin Exp Hepatol.(2018 Dec)
^Deshmukh NS, Bagchi M, Yasmin T, Bagchi DSafety of a Novel Calcium/Potassium Saltof (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA-SX): II.Developmental Toxicity Study in Rats.Toxicol Mech Methods.(2008)
^Allen SF, Godley RW, Evron JM, Heider A, Nicklas JM, Thomas MPAcute necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis in a patient taking Garcinia cambogia extract successfully treated with high-dose corticosteroids.Can J Cardiol.(2014-Dec)

Examine Database References

Food Intake - Kim JE, Jeon SM, Park KH, Lee WS, Jeong TS, McGregor RA, Choi MSDoes Glycine max leaves or Garcinia Cambogia promote weight-loss or lower plasma cholesterol in overweight individuals: a randomized control trialNutr J.(2011 Sep 21)
Weight - Mattes RD, Bormann LEffects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variablesPhysiol Behav.(2000 Oct 1-15)
Weight - Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Vasselli JR, Pietrobelli A, Greenfield D, Nunez CGarcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trialJAMA.(1998 Nov 11)
Testosterone - Hayamizu K, Tomi H, Kaneko I, Shen M, Soni MG, Yoshino GEffects of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum sex hormones in overweight subjectsFitoterapia.(2008 Jun)

Primary Use

Fat Loss

[ref-1] ^Ruchi Badoni Semwal, Deepak Kumar Semwal, Ilze Vermaak, Alvaro ViljoenA comprehensive scientific overview of Garcinia cambogiaFitoterapia.(2015 Apr)

[ref-2] ^Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Kovacs EMThe effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on energy intake and satiety in overweight humans.Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2002 Jun)

[ref-3] ^Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Rao CV, Dey DK, Satyanarayana SEffects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss.Diabetes Obes Metab.(2004 May)

[ref-4] ^Kim JE, Jeon SM, Park KH, Lee WS, Jeong TS, McGregor RA, Choi MSDoes Glycine max leaves or Garcinia Cambogia promote weight-loss or lower plasma cholesterol in overweight individuals: a randomized control trialNutr J.(2011 Sep 21)

[ref-5] ^Vasques CA, Schneider R, Klein-Júnior LC, Falavigna A, Piazza I, Rossetto SHypolipemic effect of Garcinia cambogia in obese women.Phytother Res.(2014 Jun)

[ref-6] ^Jena BS, Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP, Sakariah KKChemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia.J Agric Food Chem.(2002 Jan 2)

[ref-7] ^Pandey MM, Rastogi S, Rawat AKIndian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2013)

[ref-8] ^Roy S, Rink C, Khanna S, Phillips C, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Sen CKBody weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement.Gene Expr.(2004)

[ref-9] ^Hayamizu K, Ishii Y, Kaneko I, Shen M, Okuhara Y, Shigematsu N, Tomi H, Furuse M, Yoshino G, Shimasaki HEffects of garcinia cambogia (Hydroxycitric Acid) on visceral fat accumulation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Curr Ther Res Clin Exp.(2003 Sep)

[ref-10] ^Golzarand M, Omidian M, Toolabi KEffect of Garcinia cambogia supplement on obesity indices: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Complement Ther Med.(2020-Aug)

[ref-11] ^Onakpoya I, Hung SK, Perry R, Wider B, Ernst EThe Use of Garcinia Extract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a Weight loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials.J Obes.(2011)

[ref-12] ^Mahendran P, Vanisree AJ, Shyamala Devi CSThe antiulcer activity of Garcinia cambogia extract against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.Phytother Res.(2002 Feb)

[ref-13] ^Soni MG, Burdock GA, Preuss HG, Stohs SJ, Ohia SE, Bagchi DSafety assessment of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax, a novel calcium/potassium salt.Food Chem Toxicol.(2004 Sep)

[ref-14] ^Downs BW, Bagchi M, Subbaraju GV, Shara MA, Preuss HG, Bagchi DBioefficacy of a novel calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid.Mutat Res.(2005 Nov 11)

[ref-15] ^Mahendran P, Devi CSEffect of Garcinia cambogia extract on lipids and lipoprotein composition in dexamethasone administered rats.Indian J Physiol Pharmacol.(2001 Jul)

[ref-16] ^Atila, A et al.Effect of dietary Garcinia cambogia extract on serum lipid profile and serum enzymes in rats fed high-lipid dietIJVR.(2012-01)

[ref-17] ^Amini MR, Rasaei N, Jalalzadeh M, Akhgarjand C, Hashemian M, Jalali P, Hekmatdoost AThe effects of Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res.(2024-Feb)

[ref-18] ^Maia-Landim A, Ramírez JM, Lancho C, Poblador MS, Lancho JLLong-term effects of Garcinia cambogia/Glucomannan on weight loss in people with obesity, PLIN4, FTO and Trp64Arg polymorphisms.BMC Complement Altern Med.(2018 Jan 24)

[ref-19] ^Pittler MH, Ernst EDietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review.Am J Clin Nutr.(2004 Apr)

[ref-20] ^Chiung-Ho Liao, Shengmin Sang, Yu-Chih Liang, Chi-Tang Ho, Jen-Kun LinSuppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B pathway by GarcinolMol Carcinog.(2004 Nov)

[ref-21] ^dos Reis SB, de Oliveira CC, Acedo SC, Miranda DD, Ribeiro ML, Pedrazzoli J Jr, Gambero AAttenuation of colitis injury in rats using Garcinia cambogia extract.Phytother Res.(2009 Mar)

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