2023-10-05 00:30:03
New meta-analyses added
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We added a few meta-analyses to our database and update the clinical effects accordingly.
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Hesperidin
•Last Updated: October 5, 2023
Hesperidin, found abundantly in orange peels and various citrus fruits, exhibits promising potential in reducing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, such as triglycerides and total cholesterol. Additionally, it appears to some have anti-inflammatory properties. While other potential benefits of hesperidin exist, further clinical studies are required to fully understand its range of effects.
Hesperidin is most often used for
Last Updated:October 5, 2023
Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found in the spongy inner peel of citrus fruits and is derived from the term "hesperidium." Its aglycone form is known as hesperetin.
Hesperidin may reduce certain inflammatory markers and cardiovascular disease risk factors, particularly at doses that exceed 500 milligrams per day. Additionally, it may improve blood flow and aid muscle recovery, though further research is needed to confirm these effects.
Hesperidin supplementation has not been reported to cause side effects, but further research is needed to confirm this.
Hesperidin may improve lipid metabolism by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and enhancing VLDL catabolism. It may also potentially reduce inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory enzymes and may lower blood pressure by increasing nitric oxide synthesis and inhibiting the anhiotensin-converting enzyme.
Note that Hesperidin is also known as:
- hesperitin-7-O-rutinoside
- Hesperitin glycoside
- glucosyl hesperidin
- Vitamin P
- hesperitin
- G-hesperidin
- 3' 5 7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone
Hesperidin should not be confused with:
- Hesperitin (its aglycone)
- Eriodictyol (another flavonoid known as Vitamin P)
Most studies tend to use 500 mg or more of supplemental hesperidin, and use the standard form of hesperidin if taking it as a daily preventative.[1]
For the prevention of muscle soreness associated with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), a daily dosage of 500 mg of hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) for 3 days prior to intensive anaerobic exercise has shown positive outcomes. HMC concentration typically peaks 1–2 hours after oral administration.[2]
When it comes to food products, the amount of hesperidin contained in orange juice or other citrus peels (e.g., tangerine peel) may vary depending on multiple factors. As a result, establishing a recommended quantity of specific foods containing hesperidin to achieve effects similar to those obtained with oral supplements is challenging. For instance, one study analyzing the composition of citrus juices found hesperidin concentrations ranging from 20–60 mg/100 ml in orange juice, 8–46 mg/100 ml in tangerine juice, 4–41 mg/100 ml in lemon juice, and 2–17 mg/100 ml in grapefruit juice.[3] Sun-dried tangerine peels, used in traditional Chinese medicine, appear to confer such a substantial dose of hesperidin that additional supplementation may not be required. These peels may be made more palatable by blending them into a shake.[4]
Research FeedRead all studies
2023-09-09 00:30:03
Standard FAQ and database update
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We updated this page's FAQs and database with a bunch of new meta-analyses. Additionally, the material in the "research breakdown" section was merged with our FAQs.
- ^Lorzadeh E, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Mohammadi M, Khoshbakht Y, Salehi-Abargouei AThe effect of hesperidin supplementation on inflammatory markers in human adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Chem Biol Interact.(2019-Jul-01)
- ^Luque MZ, Aguiar AF, da Silva-Araújo AK, Zaninelli TH, Heintz OK, Saraiva-Santos T, Bertozzi MM, Souza NA, Júnior EO, Verri WA, Borghi SMEvaluation of a preemptive intervention regimen with hesperidin methyl chalcone in delayed-onset muscle soreness in young adults: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial study.Eur J Appl Physiol.(2023-Sep)
- ^Gattuso G, Barreca D, Gargiulli C, Leuzzi U, Caristi CFlavonoid composition of Citrus juicesMolecules.(2007 Aug 3)
- ^Liu EH, Zhao P, Duan L, Zheng GD, Guo L, Yang H, Li PSimultaneous determination of six bioactive flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.Food Chem.(2013-Dec-15)
- ^Roohbakhsh et al.Molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects of hesperidin and hesperetin for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseasesLife Sciences.(2015-03-01)
- ^Hesperidium: Merriam-Webster Online
- ^Benjamin Caballero, ed.Citrus Fruits - Oranges: Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Second Edition(2003)
- ^Shams-Rad S, Mohammadi M, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Zarei S, Mohsenpour M, Salehi-Abargouei AHesperidin supplementation has no effect on blood glucose control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Br J Clin Pharmacol.(2020-Jan)
- ^Buzdağlı Y, Eyipınar CD, Kacı FN, Tekin AEffects of hesperidin on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response in healthy people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.Int J Environ Health Res.(2022-Jun-28)
- ^Khorasanian AS, Fateh ST, Gholami F, Rasaei N, Gerami H, Khayyatzadeh SS, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi OThe effects of hesperidin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Front Nutr.(2023)
- ^Rizza S, Muniyappa R, Iantorno M, Kim JA, Chen H, Pullikotil P, Senese N, Tesauro M, Lauro D, Cardillo C, Quon MJCitrus polyphenol hesperidin stimulates production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells while improving endothelial function and reducing inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndromeJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2011 May)
- ^Morand C, Dubray C, Milenkovic D, Lioger D, Martin JF, Scalbert A, Mazur AHesperidin contributes to the vascular protective effects of orange juice: a randomized crossover study in healthy volunteersAm J Clin Nutr.(2011 Jan)
- ^Liu L, Xu DM, Cheng YYDistinct effects of naringenin and hesperetin on nitric oxide production from endothelial cells.J Agric Food Chem.(2008-Feb-13)
- ^Gonçalves TT, Lazaro CM, De Mateo FG, Campos MC, Mezencio JG, Claudino MA, de O Carvalho P, Webb RC, Priviero FBEffects of glucosyl-hesperidin and physical training on body weight, plasma lipids, oxidative status and vascular reactivity of rats fed with high-fat diet.Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes.(2018)
- ^Yang YL, Hsu HT, Wang KH, Han CY, Chen CM, Chen CM, Ko WCHesperetin-7,3'-O-dimethylether selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 and effectively suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness with a high therapeutic ratio.J Biomed Sci.(2011-Nov-11)
- ^Yakabi K, Kurosawa S, Tamai M, Yuzurihara M, Nahata M, Ohno S, Ro S, Kato S, Aoyama T, Sakurada T, Takabayashi H, Hattori TRikkunshito and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist improve cisplatin-induced anorexia via hypothalamic ghrelin interaction.Regul Pept.(2010-Apr-09)
- ^Balakrishnan A, Menon VPEffect of hesperidin on matrix metalloproteinases and antioxidant status during nicotine-induced toxicity.Toxicology.(2007-Sep-05)
- ^Balakrishnan A, Menon VPEffect of hesperidin on nicotine toxicity and histopathological studies.Toxicol Mech Methods.(2007)
- ^Tanaka T, Makita H, Kawabata K, Mori H, Kakumoto M, Satoh K, Hara A, Sumida T, Tanaka T, Ogawa HChemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis by the naturally occurring flavonoids, diosmin and hesperidin.Carcinogenesis.(1997-May)
- ^Wei D, Ci X, Chu X, Wei M, Hua S, Deng XHesperidin suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse allergic asthma model.Inflammation.(2012-Feb)
- ^Kamisli S, Ciftci O, Kaya K, Cetin A, Kamisli O, Ozcan CHesperidin protects brain and sciatic nerve tissues against cisplatin-induced oxidative, histological and electromyographical side effects in rats.Toxicol Ind Health.(2015-Sep)
- ^Cho YA, Choi DH, Choi JSEffect of hesperidin on the oral pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its main metabolite, desacetyldiltiazem, in rats.J Pharm Pharmacol.(2009-Jun)
- ^Watanabe M, Matsumoto N, Takeba Y, Kumai T, Tanaka M, Tatsunami S, Takenoshita-Nakaya S, Harimoto Y, Kinoshita Y, Kobayashi SOrange juice and its component, hesperidin, decrease the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in rat small intestine and liver.J Biomed Biotechnol.(2011)
- ^Mas-Capdevila A, Teichenne J, Domenech-Coca C, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Escoté X, Crescenti AEffect of Hesperidin on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota on Hesperidin Bioavailability.Nutrients.(2020-May-20)
- ^Jin YR, Han XH, Zhang YH, Lee JJ, Lim Y, Chung JH, Yun YPAntiplatelet activity of hesperetin, a bioflavonoid, is mainly mediated by inhibition of PLC-gamma2 phosphorylation and cyclooxygenase-1 activity.Atherosclerosis.(2007 Sep)
- ^Yu HY, Park SW, Chung IM, Jung YSAnti-platelet effects of yuzu extract and its component.Food Chem Toxicol.(2011 Dec)
- ^Andersen KEHesperidin methyl chalcone - a new cosmetic contact allergen.Contact Dermatitis.(2015 Jun)
- ^Piao YJ, Choi JSEnhanced bioavailability of verapamil after oral administration with hesperidin in rats.Arch Pharm Res.(2008 Apr)
- ^Bajraktari-Sylejmani G, Weiss JPotential Risk of Food-Drug Interactions: Citrus Polymethoxyflavones and Flavanones as Inhibitors of the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP) 1B1, 1B3, and 2B1.Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet.(2020 Dec)
- ^Chen M, Zhou SY, Fabriaga E, Zhang PH, Zhou QFood-drug interactions precipitated by fruit juices other than grapefruit juice: An update review.J Food Drug Anal.(2018 Apr)
- ^Kalliokoski A, Niemi MImpact of OATP transporters on pharmacokinetics.Br J Pharmacol.(2009 Oct)
- ^Lilja JJ, Juntti-Patinen L, Neuvonen PJOrange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of the beta-adrenergic-blocking agent celiprolol.Clin Pharmacol Ther.(2004 Mar)
- ^Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Leake BF, Kim RBNaringin is a major and selective clinical inhibitor of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) in grapefruit juice.Clin Pharmacol Ther.(2007 Apr)
- ^Uesawa Y, Mohri KHesperidin in orange juice reduces the absorption of celiprolol in rats.Biopharm Drug Dispos.(2008 Apr)
- ^Sridhar V, Surya Sandeep M, Ravindra Babu P, Naveen Babu KEvaluation of first-pass cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein activities using felodipine and hesperetin in combination in Wistar rats and everted rat gut sacs in vitro.Phytother Res.(2014 May)
- ^Pang CY, Mak JW, Ismail R, Ong CEIn vitro modulatory effects of flavonoids on human cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8).Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol.(2012 May)
- ^Quintieri L, Bortolozzo S, Stragliotto S, Moro S, Pavanetto M, Nassi A, Palatini P, Floreani MFlavonoids diosmetin and hesperetin are potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 2C9-mediated drug metabolism in vitro.Drug Metab Pharmacokinet.(2010)
- ^Lacroix I, Beau AB, Hurault-Delarue C, Bouilhac C, Petiot D, Vayssière C, Vidal S, Montastruc JL, Damase-Michel CFirst epidemiological data for venotonics in pregnancy from the EFEMERIS database.Phlebology.(2016 Jun)
- ^K Buckshee, D Takkar, N AggarwalMicronized flavonoid therapy in internal hemorrhoids of pregnancyInt J Gynaecol Obstet.(1997 May)
- ^Song BJ, Jouni ZE, Ferruzzi MGAssessment of phytochemical content in human milk during different stages of lactation.Nutrition.(2013 Jan)
- ^Edyta Nalewajko-Sieliwoniuk, Marta Hryniewicka, Diana Jankowska, Anatol Kojło, Monika Kamianowska, Marek SzczepańskiDispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of phenolic compounds in human milkFood Chem.(2020 Oct 15)
- Blood Flow - Hiroko Takumi, Hiroyasu Nakamura, Terumi Simizu, Ryoko Harada, Takashi Kometani, Tomonori Nadamoto, Rie Mukai, Kaeko Murota, Yoshichika Kawai, Junji TeraoBioavailability of orally administered water-dispersible hesperetin and its effect on peripheral vasodilatation in human subjects: implication of endothelial functions of plasma conjugated metabolitesFood Funct.(2012 Apr)
- Blood glucose - Morand C, Dubray C, Milenkovic D, Lioger D, Martin JF, Scalbert A, Mazur AHesperidin contributes to the vascular protective effects of orange juice: a randomized crossover study in healthy volunteersAm J Clin Nutr.(2011 Jan)
- Blood glucose - Khorasanian AS, Fateh ST, Gholami F, Rasaei N, Gerami H, Khayyatzadeh SS, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi OThe effects of hesperidin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Front Nutr.(2023)
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - Miwa Y, Mitsuzumi H, Sunayama T, Yamada M, Okada K, Kubota M, Chaen H, Mishima Y, Kibata MGlucosyl hesperidin lowers serum triglyceride level in hypertriglyceridemic subjects through the improvement of very low-density lipoprotein metabolic abnormalityJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2005 Dec)
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - Miwa Y, Yamada M, Sunayama T, Mitsuzumi H, Tsuzaki Y, Chaen H, Mishima Y, Kibata MEffects of glucosyl hesperidin on serum lipids in hyperlipidemic subjects: preferential reduction in elevated serum triglyceride levelJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2004 Jun)
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - Demonty I, Lin Y, Zebregs YE, Vermeer MA, van der Knaap HC, Jäkel M, Trautwein EAThe citrus flavonoids hesperidin and naringin do not affect serum cholesterol in moderately hypercholesterolemic men and womenJ Nutr.(2010 Sep)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Lorzadeh E, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Mohammadi M, Khoshbakht Y, Salehi-Abargouei AThe effect of hesperidin supplementation on inflammatory markers in human adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Chem Biol Interact.(2019-Jul-01)
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Buzdağlı Y, Eyipınar CD, Kacı FN, Tekin AEffects of hesperidin on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response in healthy people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.Int J Environ Health Res.(2022-Jun-28)
- Blood glucose - Shams-Rad S, Mohammadi M, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Zarei S, Mohsenpour M, Salehi-Abargouei AHesperidin supplementation has no effect on blood glucose control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Br J Clin Pharmacol.(2020-Jan)
- Total cholesterol - Rizza S, Muniyappa R, Iantorno M, Kim JA, Chen H, Pullikotil P, Senese N, Tesauro M, Lauro D, Cardillo C, Quon MJCitrus polyphenol hesperidin stimulates production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells while improving endothelial function and reducing inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndromeJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2011 May)
- Total cholesterol - Mohammadi M, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Lorzadeh E, Khoshbakht Y, Salehi-Abargouei AHesperidin, a major flavonoid in orange juice, might not affect lipid profile and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trialsPhytother Res.(2019 Mar)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms - Kometani T, Fukuda T, Kakuma T, Kawaguchi K, Tamura W, Kumazawa Y, Nagata KEffects of alpha-glucosylhesperidin, a bioactive food material, on collagen-induced arthritis in mice and rheumatoid arthritis in humansImmunopharmacol Immunotoxicol.(2008)
- Neutrophil Count - Perche O, Vergnaud-Gauduchon J, Morand C, Dubray C, Mazur A, Vasson MPOrange juice and its major polyphenol hesperidin consumption do not induce immunomodulation in healthy well-nourished humansClin Nutr.(2013 Mar 26)