2024-09-24 00:30:03
Correction
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We made a correction to the FAQ addressing the drawbacks of hyaluronic acid.
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Hyaluronic Acid
•Last Updated: September 5, 2023
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large polysaccharide that is found naturally throughout the body and in high concentrations in the skin, the joint fluid, and the eye. It plays a role in many important bodily functions, including wound healing, joint lubrication and ovulation. As a supplement, it is most frequently used for joint health, to treat dry eyes, and in anti-aging products for the skin.
Hyaluronic Acid is most often used for
Last Updated:September 5, 2023
Hyaluronic acid is a mucopolysaccharide that belongs to the glycosaminoglycans family; it is found naturally in cell membranes and is essential for tissue hydration and cell functions. It can be sourced from animals or isolated from fermented bacteria for supplementation.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is beneficial in various conditions, including dry eye disease, arthritis, and joint pain, and it also shows potential in wound healing and burns. It aids in hydration, lubrication, and tissue regeneration, and high-molecular-weight HA offers anti-inflammatory effects and potential applications in alopecia, nerve regeneration, and vascular graft healing.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is generally biocompatible and rarely causes adverse effects, but products derived from animal sources may carry a slight risk of allergic reactions. Endogenous HA may support tumor growth in cancer cells.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) binds water, which helps with cell hydration, and attracts fluid to synovial and vitreous fluids to provide lubrication. When produced by cells, HA binds to immune system proteins and prevents autoimmune responses and inflammation.
Note that Hyaluronic Acid is also known as:
- Hyaluronan
- Hyaluronate (as sodium or potassium salt)
For oral supplementation, the recommended dosage is 120 mg per day, with supplements usually available in either 60 mg or 120 mg tablets.[1]
For dry eye treatments, drops are usually available in 0.3% solutions, although they may be effective from as low as 0.1%.[2]
Topical creams and serums range from 0.1% to 0.3% HA concentrations, and will contain a mixture of high- and low-molecular-weight HA.[3]
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2023-09-05 14:48:57
FAQ and database update
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The FAQs and database were updated and expanded based on new literature.
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- ^Yun-Jung Yang, Won-Young Lee, Young-Jin Kim, Yeon-Pyo HongA Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drops for the Treatment of Dry Eye SyndromeInt J Environ Res Public Health.(2021 Mar 1)
- ^Bravo B, Correia P, Gonçalves Junior JE, Sant'Anna B, Kerob DBenefits of topical hyaluronic acid for skin quality and signs of skin aging: From literature review to clinical evidence.Dermatol Ther.(2022-Dec)
- ^Salwowska NM, Bebenek KA, Żądło DA, Wcisło-Dziadecka DLPhysiochemical properties and application of hyaluronic acid: a systematic review.J Cosmet Dermatol.(2016-Dec)
- ^He WW, Kuang MJ, Zhao J, Sun L, Lu B, Wang Y, Ma JX, Ma XLEfficacy and safety of intraarticular hyaluronic acid and corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis.Int J Surg.(2017 Mar)
- ^Khan M, Shanmugaraj A, Prada C, Patel A, Babins E, Bhandari MThe Role of Hyaluronic Acid for Soft Tissue Indications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports Health.(2023)
- ^Mao B, Peng R, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Li J, Fu WThe Effect of Intra-articular Injection of Hyaluronic Acid in Frozen Shoulder: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.J Orthop Surg Res.(2022 Mar 3)
- ^de la Guardia C, Virno A, Musumeci M, Bernardin A, Silberberg MBRheologic and Physicochemical Characteristics of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Overview and Relationship to Product Performance.Facial Plast Surg.(2022-Apr)
- ^Voigt J, Driver VRHyaluronic acid derivatives and their healing effect on burns, epithelial surgical wounds, and chronic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Wound Repair Regen.(2012)
- ^Marinho A, Nunes C, Reis SHyaluronic Acid: A Key Ingredient in the Therapy of Inflammation.Biomolecules.(2021-Oct-15)
- ^Ferreres G, Pérez-Rafael S, Torrent-Burgués J, Tzanov THyaluronic Acid Derivative Molecular Weight-Dependent Synthesis and Antimicrobial Effect of Hybrid Silver Nanoparticles.Int J Mol Sci.(2021-Dec-14)
- ^Abatangelo G, Vindigni V, Avruscio G, Pandis L, Brun PHyaluronic Acid: Redefining Its Role.Cells.(2020-Jul-21)
- ^Zerbinati N, Sommatis S, Maccario C, Capillo MC, Di Francesco S, Rauso R, Protasoni M, D'Este E, Gasperina DD, Mocchi RIn Vitro Hair Growth Promoting Effect of a Noncrosslinked Hyaluronic Acid in Human Dermal Papilla Cells.Biomed Res Int.(2021)
- ^Tzu-Fang Hsu, Zi-Rong Su, Yao-Hao Hsieh, Ming-Fu Wang, Mariko Oe, Ryosuke Matsuoka, Yasunobu MasudaOral Hyaluronan Relieves Wrinkles and Improves Dry Skin: A 12-Week Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled StudyNutrients.(2021 Jun 28)
- ^Farwick M, Gauglitz G, Pavicic T, Köhler T, Wegmann M, Schwach-Abdellaoui K, Malle B, Tarabin V, Schmitz G, Korting HCFifty-kDa hyaluronic acid upregulates some epidermal genes without changing TNF-α expression in reconstituted epidermis.Skin Pharmacol Physiol.(2011)
- ^Signorini M, Liew S, Sundaram H, De Boulle KL, Goodman GJ, Monheit G, Wu Y, Trindade de Almeida AR, Swift A, Vieira Braz A,Global Aesthetics Consensus: Avoidance and Management of Complications from Hyaluronic Acid Fillers-Evidence- and Opinion-Based Review and Consensus Recommendations.Plast Reconstr Surg.(2016-Jun)
- ^Lyndon Jones, Laura E Downie, Donald Korb, Jose M Benitez-Del-Castillo, Reza Dana, Sophie X Deng, Pham N Dong, Gerd Geerling, Richard Yudi Hida, Yang Liu, Kyoung Yul Seo, Joseph Tauber, Tais H Wakamatsu, Jianjiang Xu, James S Wolffsohn, Jennifer P CraigTFOS DEWS II Management and Therapy ReportOcul Surf.(2017 Jul)
- Dermatitis Severity - Tai RZ, Loh EW, Tsai JT, Tam KWEffect of hyaluronic acid on radiotherapy-induced mucocutaneous side effects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Support Care Cancer.(2022-Jun)
- Pain - Shen D, Chen M, Chen K, Wang T, Lu L, Yang XEfficacy of hyaluronic acid after knee arthroscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Rehabil Med.(2018-Nov-07)
- Wound Healing - Voigt J, Driver VRHyaluronic acid derivatives and their healing effect on burns, epithelial surgical wounds, and chronic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Wound Repair Regen.(2012)
- Dry Eye Symptoms - Yun-Jung Yang, Won-Young Lee, Young-Jin Kim, Yeon-Pyo HongA Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drops for the Treatment of Dry Eye SyndromeInt J Environ Res Public Health.(2021 Mar 1)