Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng)

Last Updated: March 21, 2024

Panax ginseng is commonly referred to as “Korean ginseng”. It appears to be effective for mood, immunity, and cognition, but is subpar for erectile function, testosterone, and exercise performance.

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Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng) is most often used for

What is Panax ginseng?

Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng, is an herbaceous plant from the Araliaceae family used in traditional Chinese medicine for various preventative purposes and is primarily sourced from its roots. It is the species in the Panax genus that is most commonly used for medicinal supplements and is believed to enhance mood, cognition, and immune function.

What is the history and etymology of Panax ginseng?

What are the different types of Panax ginseng?

What are G115 and NAGE Panax ginseng formulations?

What are Panax ginseng’s main benefits?

Research on Panax ginseng indicates mixed results regarding its effects on mood and cognition; some studies have suggested short-lived improvements in mental health and inconclusive cognitive benefits. Additionally, Panax ginseng may have immunomodulatory properties and could reduce flu occurrences when taken with vaccination.

Can Panax ginseng be used to regulate appetite?

Are multivitamin supplements containing Panax ginseng effective?

Does Panax ginseng affect lipid profile and blood glucose?

Can Panax ginseng increase testosterone levels and help with erectile dysfunction?

Can Panax ginseng improve skin appearance?

Does Panax ginseng work for female sexual dysfunction?

Is Panax ginseng effective for menopausal symptoms?

What are Panax ginseng’s main drawbacks?

The main drawbacks of Panax ginseng include potential gastrointestinal side effects and the risk of "ginseng abuse syndrome" with high doses or long-term use, which can lead to symptoms like hypertension and nervousness. Additionally, it may mildly inhibit certain enzymes that are involved in drug metabolism, although this interaction is generally considered to be of minor clinical significance.

How does Panax Ginseng work?

Panax ginseng works primarily through its bioactive components, particularly ginsenosides, which interact with various molecular targets to provide pharmacological benefits. These ginsenosides can inhibit enzymes like 5-alpha reductase and may potentially increase testosterone levels by preventing its conversion to dihydrotestosterone.

What are other names for Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng)?
Note that Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng) is also known as:
  • Asian ginseng
  • Asiatic ginseng
  • Manchurian ginseng
  • Mountain Ginseng
  • True Ginseng
  • Wild Ginseng
  • 人蔘 or 人参 or 人參 (Rénshēn)
  • 인삼; 人蔘 (Insam)
  • 人参 (Ninjin)
  • Panax ginseng
Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng) should not be confused with:
  • Siberian Ginseng
  • American Ginseng
  • Pseudoginseng
  • Desert Ginseng
  • Black Ginseng
  • Cistanche spp
  • Chinese Ginseng
Dosage information

Panax ginseng is typically consumed in daily doses ranging from 200 to 400 mg, with the 400 mg dosage showing the most notable cognitive benefits.[1] These doses refer to standardized ginseng extracts which contain around 4–10 % total ginsenosides (Panax ginseng’s primary bioactive compounds) and are taken once daily.

Higher doses (200–20,000 mg) have been used to target improvements in glucose and lipid profiles.[2]

For trials focusing on erectile health and libido enhancement, Korean red ginseng extract is commonly administered at a dosage of 3 grams daily, divided into three doses of 1 gram each.[3]

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Update History
2024-03-21 00:30:03

Full FAQ and database update

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We integrated a bunch of new information into our page. In particular, we updated the benefits/drawbacks FAQs with new information about safety/toxicity, added new sub-FAQs, and improved the dosage information section.

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Examine Database References
  1. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - Herman-J. Engels, Joesphine M. Said, John C. Wirth,Failure of chronic ginseng supplementation to affect work performance and energy metabolism in healthy adult femalesNutrition Research.()
  2. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - A C Morris, I Jacobs, T M McLellan, A Klugerman, L C Wang, J ZamecnikNo ergogenic effect of ginseng ingestionInt J Sport Nutr.(1996 Sep)
  3. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - H J Engels, J C WirthNo ergogenic effects of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) during graded maximal aerobic exerciseJ Am Diet Assoc.(1997 Oct)
  4. Oxygen Uptake - J D Allen, J McLung, A G Nelson, M WelschGinseng supplementation does not enhance healthy young adults' peak aerobic exercise performanceJ Am Coll Nutr.(1998 Oct)
  5. Oxygen Uptake - Pipat, Cherdungsi., Kanyarat, RungroengEffects of Standardized Ginseng Extract and Exercise Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Capacities in HumansJournal of Ginseng Research.()
  6. Waist-Hip Ratio - E. Azizi, F. MoradiThe effect of ginseng supplementation on anabolic index, muscle strength, body composition, and testosterone and cortisol response to acute resistance exercise in male bodybuildersDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences.()
  7. Weight - Angelheart J.M. RattuThe effect of ginseng supplementation on strength development in response to resistance exercise trainingMedical Journal of Indonesia.()
  8. Exercise Recovery - H J Engels, I Kolokouri, T J Cieslak 2nd, J C WirthEffects of ginseng supplementation on supramaximal exercise performance and short-term recoveryJ Strength Cond Res.(2001 Aug)
  9. Lactate Dehydrogenase - Gislaine Cristina-Souza, Ana C Santos-Mariano, Adriano E Lima-Silva, Poliana L Costa, Pablo R Domingos, Sandro F Silva, Wilson C Abreu, Fernando R De-Oliveira, Raul OsieckiPanax ginseng Supplementation Increases Muscle Recruitment, Attenuates Perceived Effort, and Accelerates Muscle Force Recovery After an Eccentric-Based Exercise in AthletesJ Strength Cond Res.(2020 Apr 29)
  10. Immunoglobulin A - Hermann-J Engels, Mariane M Fahlman, John C WirthEffects of ginseng on secretory IgA, performance, and recovery from interval exerciseMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2003 Apr)
  11. Cognition - Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey ABEffects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained 'mentally demanding' tasksJ Psychopharmacol.(2006 Nov)
  12. Cognition - Andrew B Scholey, David O KennedyAcute, dose-dependent cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng and their combination in healthy young volunteers: differential interactions with cognitive demandHum Psychopharmacol.(2002 Jan)
  13. Cognition - Jae-Hyeok Heo, Soon-Tae Lee, Min Jung Oh, Hyun-Jung Park, Ji-Young Shim, Kon Chu, Manho KimImprovement of cognitive deficit in Alzheimer's disease patients by long term treatment with korean red ginsengJ Ginseng Res.(2011 Nov)
  14. Cognition - Hye-Bin Yeo, Ho-Kyoung Yoon, Heon-Jeong Lee, Seung-Gul Kang, Ki-Young Jung, Leen KimEffects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cognitive and Motor Function: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled TrialJ Ginseng Res.(2012 Apr)
  15. Cognition - Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DOPanax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adultsHum Psychopharmacol.(2010 Aug)
  16. Cognition - Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey ABSingle doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activityJ Psychopharmacol.(2005 Jul)
  17. Cognition - Soon-Tae Lee, Kon Chu, Ji-Young Sim, Jae-Hyeok Heo, Manho KimPanax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer diseaseAlzheimer Dis Assoc Disord.(Jul-Sep 2008)
  18. Cognition - Eun Namgung, Jungyoon Kim, Hyeonseok Jeong, Gahae Hong, Myeongju Kim, Rye Young Kim, Shinhye Kim, In Kyoon LyooEffects of Korean red ginseng on human gray matter volume and cognitive function: A voxel-based morphometry studyHum Psychopharmacol.(2021 Mar)
  19. Cognition - Derek Ong Lai Teik, Xiao Shiang Lee, Chu Jian Lim, Chia Mei Low, Mariyam Muslima, Luca AquiliGinseng and Ginkgo Biloba Effects on Cognition as Modulated by Cardiovascular Reactivity: A Randomised TrialPLoS One.(2016 Mar 3)
  20. Processing Speed - L D'Angelo, R Grimaldi, M Caravaggi, M Marcoli, E Perucca, S Lecchini, G M Frigo, A CremaA double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteersJ Ethnopharmacol.(Apr-May 1986)
  21. Cognitive Decline - Heo JH, Lee ST, Chu K, Oh MJ, Park HJ, Shim JY, Kim MAn open-label trial of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's diseaseEur J Neurol.(2008 Aug)
  22. Motor Control - Henrik Sorensen, Jesper SonnneA double-masked study of the effects of ginseng on cognitive functionsCurrent Therapeutic Research.()
  23. Reaction Time - D O Kennedy, C F Haskell, K A Wesnes, A B ScholeyImproved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginsengPharmacol Biochem Behav.(2004 Nov)
  24. Reaction Time - Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KAModulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adultsPhysiol Behav.(2002 Apr 15)
  25. Attention - Pierre-Antoine Mariage, Areg Hovhannisyan, Alexander G PanossianEfficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover TrialPharmaceuticals (Basel).(2020 Mar 29)
  26. Fatigue Symptoms - Meegun Hong, Yoon Hyeong Lee, Seungwoo Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Chang Seok Bang, Jai Hoon Yoon, Gwang Ho Baik, Dong Joon Kim, Myong Jo KimAnti-inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseJ Ginseng Res.(2016 Jul)
  27. Insulin - Park SH, Chung S, Chung MY, Choi HK, Hwang JT, Park JHEffects of Panax ginseng on hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Ginseng Res.(2022 Mar)
  28. Insulin - Reay JL, Scholey AB, Milne A, Fenwick J, Kennedy DOPanax ginseng has no effect on indices of glucose regulation following acute or chronic ingestion in healthy volunteersBr J Nutr.(2009 Jun)
  29. Insulin - Kim S, Shin BC, Lee MS, Lee H, Ernst ERed ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Chin J Integr Med.(2011 Dec)
  30. Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile - Kim HG, Yoo SR, Park HJ, Lee NH, Shin JW, Sathyanath R, Cho JH, Son CGAntioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trialFood Chem Toxicol.(2011 Sep)
  31. Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile - Kim JY, Park JY, Kang HJ, Kim OY, Lee JHBeneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialNutr J.(2012 Jul 17)
  32. Inflammation - Jung HL, Kwak HE, Kim SS, Kim YC, Lee CD, Byurn HK, Kang HYEffects of Panax ginseng supplementation on muscle damage and inflammation after uphill treadmill running in humansAm J Chin Med.(2011)
  33. Blood glucose - De Souza LR, Jenkins AL, Sievenpiper JL, Jovanovski E, Rahelić D, Vuksan VKorean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root fractions: differential effects on postprandial glycemia in healthy individualsJ Ethnopharmacol.(2011 Sep 1)
  34. Insulin - Park BJ, Lee YJ, Lee HR, Jung DH, Na HY, Kim HB, Shim JYEffects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cardiovascular Risks in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: a Double-blind Randomized Controlled StudyKorean J Fam Med.(2012 Jul)
  35. Erections - Hong B, Ji YH, Hong JH, Nam KY, Ahn TYA double-blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: a preliminary reportJ Urol.(2002 Nov)
  36. Erections - Choi HK, Seong DH, Rha KHClinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng for erectile dysfunctionInt J Impot Res.(1995 Sep)
  37. Erections - de Andrade E, de Mesquita AA, Claro Jde A, de Andrade PM, Ortiz V, Paranhos M, Srougi MStudy of the efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunctionAsian J Androl.(2007 Mar)
  38. Glycemic Control - Reeds DN, Patterson BW, Okunade A, Holloszy JO, Polonsky KS, Klein SGinseng and ginsenoside Re do not improve β-cell function or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetesDiabetes Care.(2011 May)
  39. HbA1c - Sotaniemi EA, Haapakoski E, Rautio AGinseng therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patientsDiabetes Care.(1995 Oct)
  40. Menopausal Symptoms - Kim SY, Seo SK, Choi YM, Jeon YE, Lim KJ, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BSEffects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized controlled trialMenopause.(2012 Apr)
  41. Depression Symptoms - Wiklund IK, Mattsson LA, Lindgren R, Limoni CEffects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine GroupInt J Clin Pharmacol Res.(1999)
  42. Libido - Oh KJ, Chae MJ, Lee HS, Hong HD, Park KEffects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover clinical studyJ Sex Med.(2010 Apr)
  43. Oxygen Uptake - A W Ziemba, J Chmura, H Kaciuba-Uscilko, K Nazar, P Wisnik, W GawronskiGinseng treatment improves psychomotor performance at rest and during graded exercise in young athletesInt J Sport Nutr.(1999 Dec)
  44. Creatine Kinase - Yi-Ming Chen, I-Lin Wang, Shu Zhou, Tsung-Yu Tsai, Yen-Shuo Chiu, Wan-Chun ChiuSix weeks of Jilin ginseng root supplementation attenuates drop jump-related muscle injury markers in healthy female college studentsFood Funct.(2021 Mar 1)
  45. Blood glucose - Rhee MY, Kim YS, Bae JH, Nah DY, Kim YK, Lee MM, Kim HYEffect of Korean red ginseng on arterial stiffness in subjects with hypertensionJ Altern Complement Med.(2011 Jan)
  46. Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms - Jae-Hyeok Heo, Soon-Tae Lee, Kon Chu, Min Jung Oh, Hyun-Jung Park, Ji-Young Shim, Manho KimHeat-processed ginseng enhances the cognitive function in patients with moderately severe Alzheimer's diseaseNutr Neurosci.(2012 Nov)
  47. Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms - Lee, Soon-Tae., Chu, Kon., Kim, Jeong-Min., Park, Hyun-Jeong., Kim, Man-Ho Cognitive improvement by ginseng in Alzheimer's diseaseJournal of Ginseng Research.()
  48. Overall Cancer Risk - Yun TK, Choi SYPreventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case-control study on 1987 pairsCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.(1995 Jun)
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