Low-Protein Diet
A low-protein diet provides a daily amount of protein that is less than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. Low-protein diets are often recommended for people with kidney or liver disease.
Last Updated:October 13, 2024
Participants: 1344
Participants: 644
Participants: 1344
Participants: 1344
Participants: 644
Participants: 1344
Participants: 1344
Participants: 644
Participants: 1344
Participants: 1344
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In this umbrella review of 25 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials in participants with chronic kidney disease, a low-protein diet improved various clinical outcomes, including reducing the risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease.
Quick Summary
In this umbrella review of 25 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials in participants with chronic kidney disease, a low-protein diet improved various clinical outcomes, including reducing the risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease.
The study
A total of 47 randomized controlled trials were included. The low-protein diet was compared to a higher-protein diet (e.g., the participants’ usual diet).
The low-protein diet improved the following outcomes:
- Glomerular filtration rate (+0.87 mL/min/1.73 m2; low certainty)
- Proteinuria (−0.42 g/24 hours; very low certainty),
- Blood urea nitrogen (−20.77 mg/dL; low certainty)
- HbA1c (−0.22%; moderate certainty)
- Serum phosphorus (−0.21 mg/dL; moderate certainty)
- The odds of progressing to end-stage renal disease (−36%; moderate certainty).
The results
A limitation of this study is that a “low-protein” diet was not well defined. The average daily protein intake of the participants ranged from approximately 0.3 to 1.1 grams per kilogram of body weight. Therefore, the optimal amount of protein restriction is unclear.
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Quick Summary
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The study
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The results
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Note
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The big picture
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What was studied?
The effect of dietary interventions on measures of acid-base balance and clinical biomarkers in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
The primary outcome was the serum bicarbonate level. The secondary outcomes included estimated glomerular filtration rate, urea nitrogen, serum phosphorus, and the risk of kidney failure.
How was it studied?
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What was studied?
The efficacy of supplementing with ketoanalogs (i.e., nitrogen-free analogs of essential amino acids) for improving clinical outcomes in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and protein restriction.
Specifically, the following outcomes were assessed:
- Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- End-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk
- All-cause mortality
- Anthropometrics: triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm muscle circumference, and lean body mass
- Nutritional measures: serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, and albumin
How was it studied?
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What was studied?
The effect of higher-protein diets containing higher-quality and lower-quality protein supplements on daily rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS; the primary outcome) and anabolic signaling (biochemical markers of muscle growth).
How was it studied?
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